2

exp1/badcount.c

@@ -4,44 +4,46 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-
 void *increase(void *vargp);
 void *decrease(void *vargp);
 int cnt = 0;
 
-
+int main()
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     unsigned int niters;
-    pthread_t t1,t2;
+    pthread_t t1, t2;
 
-    if (argc != 2)
+    niters = 10;
-    {
-        printf("Usage: %s <niters>\n", argv[0]);
-        exit(2);
-    }
-    niters = atoll(argv[1]);
 
-    pthread_create(&t1,NULL,increase,(void *)niters);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-    pthread_create(&t2,NULL,decrease,(void *)niters);
+    {
-    pthread_join(t1,NULL);
+        printf("niters=%d\n", niters);
-    pthread_join(t2,NULL);
+        for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++)
+        {
+            pthread_create(&t1, NULL, increase, (void *)niters);
+            pthread_create(&t2, NULL, decrease, (void *)niters);
+            pthread_join(t1, NULL);
+            pthread_join(t2, NULL);
 
-    if (cnt != 0)
+            if (cnt != 0)
-    {
+            {
-        printf("Error! cnt=%d\n", cnt);
+                printf("Error! cnt=%d\n", cnt);
-    }
+                exit(1);
-    else
+            }
-    {
+            else
-        printf("Correct! cnt=%d\n", cnt);
+            {
+                printf("Correct! cnt=%d\n", cnt);
+            }
+        }
+        niters *= 10;
     }
     exit(0);
 }
 
 void *increase(void *vargp)
 {
-    unsigned i ,niters = (unsigned int)vargp;
+    unsigned i, niters = (unsigned int)vargp;
-    for ( i = 0; i < niters; i++)
+    for (i = 0; i < niters; i++)
     {
         cnt++;
     }
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ void *increase(void *vargp)
 void *decrease(void *vargp)
 {
     unsigned i, niters = (unsigned int)vargp;
-    for ( i = 0; i < niters; i++)
+    for (i = 0; i < niters; i++)
     {
         cnt--;
     }

server-exp/cgi-bin/add.c

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#define MAXLINE 8192
+
+int main(void) {
+    char *buf, *p;
+    char content[MAXLINE];
+    int n1=0, n2=0;
+
+    /* Extract the two arguments from standard input */
+    scanf("%d&%d", &n1, &n2);
+    
+    /* Make the response body */
+    sprintf(content, "Welcome to add.com: ");
+    sprintf(content, "%sTHE Internet addition portal.\r\n<p>", content);
+    sprintf(content, "%sThe answer is: %d + %d = %d\r\n<p>", 
+	    content, n1, n2, n1 + n2);
+    sprintf(content, "%sThanks for visiting!\r\n", content);
+
+    /* Generate the HTTP response */
+    printf("Content-length: %d\r\n", (int) strlen(content));
+    printf("Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n");
+    printf("%s", content);
+    fflush(stdout);
+    exit(0);
+}

server-exp/common.c

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/* $begin common.c */
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+
+/*********************************************************************
+ * The Rio package - robust I/O functions
+ **********************************************************************/
+/*
+ * rio_readn - robustly read n bytes (unbuffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readn */
+ssize_t rio_readn(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nread;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nread = 0;      /* and call read() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;      /* errno set by read() */ 
+	} 
+	else if (nread == 0)
+	    break;              /* EOF */
+	nleft -= nread;
+	bufp += nread;
+    }
+    return (n - nleft);         /* return >= 0 */
+}
+/* $end rio_readn */
+
+/*
+ * rio_writen - robustly write n bytes (unbuffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_writen */
+ssize_t rio_writen(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nwritten;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) <= 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR)  /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nwritten = 0;    /* and call write() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;       /* errorno set by write() */
+	}
+	nleft -= nwritten;
+	bufp += nwritten;
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+/* $end rio_writen */
+
+
+/* 
+ * rio_read - This is a wrapper for the Unix read() function that
+ *    transfers min(n, rio_cnt) bytes from an internal buffer to a user
+ *    buffer, where n is the number of bytes requested by the user and
+ *    rio_cnt is the number of unread bytes in the internal buffer. On
+ *    entry, rio_read() refills the internal buffer via a call to
+ *    read() if the internal buffer is empty.
+ */
+/* $begin rio_read */
+static ssize_t rio_read(rio_t *rp, char *usrbuf, size_t n)
+{
+    int cnt;
+
+    while (rp->rio_cnt <= 0) {  /* refill if buf is empty */
+	rp->rio_cnt = read(rp->rio_fd, rp->rio_buf, 
+			   sizeof(rp->rio_buf));
+	if (rp->rio_cnt < 0) {
+	    if (errno != EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else if (rp->rio_cnt == 0)  /* EOF */
+	    return 0;
+	else 
+	    rp->rio_bufptr = rp->rio_buf; /* reset buffer ptr */
+    }
+
+    /* Copy min(n, rp->rio_cnt) bytes from internal buf to user buf */
+    cnt = n;          
+    if (rp->rio_cnt < n)   
+	cnt = rp->rio_cnt;
+    memcpy(usrbuf, rp->rio_bufptr, cnt);
+    rp->rio_bufptr += cnt;
+    rp->rio_cnt -= cnt;
+    return cnt;
+}
+/* $end rio_read */
+
+/*
+ * rio_readinitb - Associate a descriptor with a read buffer and reset buffer
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readinitb */
+void rio_readinitb(rio_t *rp, int fd) 
+{
+    rp->rio_fd = fd;  
+    rp->rio_cnt = 0;  
+    rp->rio_bufptr = rp->rio_buf;
+}
+/* $end rio_readinitb */
+
+/*
+ * rio_readnb - Robustly read n bytes (buffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readnb */
+ssize_t rio_readnb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nread;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+    
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nread = rio_read(rp, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nread = 0;      /* call read() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;      /* errno set by read() */ 
+	} 
+	else if (nread == 0)
+	    break;              /* EOF */
+	nleft -= nread;
+	bufp += nread;
+    }
+    return (n - nleft);         /* return >= 0 */
+}
+/* $end rio_readnb */
+
+/* 
+ * rio_readlineb - robustly read a text line (buffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readlineb */
+ssize_t rio_readlineb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t maxlen) 
+{
+    int n, rc;
+    char c, *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    for (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++) { 
+	if ((rc = rio_read(rp, &c, 1)) == 1) {
+	    *bufp++ = c;
+	    if (c == '\n')
+		break;
+	} else if (rc == 0) {
+	    if (n == 1)
+		return 0; /* EOF, no data read */
+	    else
+		break;    /* EOF, some data was read */
+	} else
+	    return -1;	  /* error */
+    }
+    *bufp = 0;
+    return n;
+}
+/* $end rio_readlineb */
+
+/**********************************
+ * Wrappers for robust I/O routines
+ **********************************/
+
+
+/******************************** 
+ * Client/server helper functions
+ ********************************/
+/*
+ * open_client_sock - open connection to server at <hostname, port> 
+ *   and return a socket descriptor ready for reading and writing.
+ *   Returns -1 and sets errno on Unix error. 
+ *   Returns -2 and sets h_errno on DNS (gethostbyname) error.
+ */
+/* $begin open_client_sock */
+int open_client_sock(char *hostname, int port) 
+{
+    int client_sock;
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
+
+    if ((client_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+	return -1; /* check errno for cause of error */
+
+    /* Fill in the server's IP address and port */
+    if ((hp = gethostbyname(hostname)) == NULL)
+	return -2; /* check h_errno for cause of error */
+    bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
+    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    bcopy((char *)hp->h_addr_list[0], 
+	  (char *)&serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr, hp->h_length);
+    serveraddr.sin_port = htons(port);
+
+    /* Establish a connection with the server */
+    if (connect(client_sock, (SA *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+    return client_sock;
+}
+/* $end open_client_sock */
+
+/*  
+ * open_listen_sock - open and return a listening socket on port
+ *     Returns -1 and sets errno on Unix error.
+ */
+/* $begin open_listen_sock */
+int open_listen_sock(int port) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, optval=1;
+    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
+  
+    /* Create a socket descriptor */
+    if ((listen_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+ 
+    /* Eliminates "Address already in use" error from bind. */
+    if (setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 
+		   (const void *)&optval , sizeof(int)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+
+    /* Listen_sock will be an endpoint for all requests to port
+       on any IP address for this host */
+    bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
+    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; 
+    serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); 
+    serveraddr.sin_port = htons((unsigned short)port); 
+    if (bind(listen_sock, (SA *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+
+    /* Make it a listening socket ready to accept connection requests */
+    if (listen(listen_sock, LISTENQ) < 0)
+	return -1;
+    return listen_sock;
+}
+/* $end open_listen_sock */
+
+
+/* $end wrapper.c */
+
+
+
+

server-exp/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/* $begin common.h */
+#ifndef __COMMON_H__
+#define __COMMON_H__
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h> 
+#include <sys/ipc.h> 
+#include <sys/msg.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <sys/sem.h>
+
+/* Default file permissions are DEF_MODE & ~DEF_UMASK */
+/* $begin createmasks */
+#define DEF_MODE   S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH
+#define DEF_UMASK  S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH
+/* $end createmasks */
+
+/* Simplifies calls to bind(), connect(), and accept() */
+/* $begin sockaddrdef */
+typedef struct sockaddr SA;
+/* $end sockaddrdef */
+
+/* Persistent state for the robust I/O (Rio) package */
+/* $begin rio_t */
+#define RIO_BUFSIZE 8192
+typedef struct {
+    int rio_fd;                /* descriptor for this internal buf */
+    int rio_cnt;               /* unread bytes in internal buf */
+    char *rio_bufptr;          /* next unread byte in internal buf */
+    char rio_buf[RIO_BUFSIZE]; /* internal buffer */
+} rio_t;
+/* $end rio_t */
+
+/* External variables */
+extern int h_errno;    /* defined by BIND for DNS errors */ 
+extern char **environ; /* defined by libc */
+
+/* Misc constants */
+#define	MAXLINE	 8192  /* max text line length */
+#define MAXBUF   8192  /* max I/O buffer size */
+#define LISTENQ  1024  /* second argument to listen() */
+
+/* Rio (Robust I/O) package */
+ssize_t rio_readn(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+ssize_t rio_writen(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+void rio_readinitb(rio_t *rp, int fd); 
+ssize_t	rio_readnb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+ssize_t	rio_readlineb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t maxlen);
+
+/* Client/server helper functions */
+int open_client_sock(char *hostname, int portno);
+int open_listen_sock(int portno);
+
+#endif /* __COMMON_H__ */
+/* $end common.h */

server-exp/ftpc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+typedef struct ftp_file
+{
+    char cmd[MAXLINE];  // FTP命令
+    char filename[MAXLINE]; // 文件名参数
+    char fileSize[MAXLINE]; // 文件大小参数
+} ftp_file_t;
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int client_sock, port;
+    char *host, buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_t rio;
+
+    if (argc != 3) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <host><port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    host = argv[1];
+    port = atoi(argv[2]);
+
+    client_sock = open_client_sock(host, port);
+    if(client_sock==-1) {
+        fputs("Error to connect the Server\n",stdout);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+ 
+    while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
+        ftp_file_t file;
+        FILE *fp;
+        long fileSize;
+
+        char filePath[MAXLINE] = "./"; // 假设当前目录下有文件
+
+        char *token = strtok(buf, " \t\n");  // 提取FTP命令
+        if (strcmp(token, "get") == 0 || strcmp(token, "put") == 0) {
+            strncpy(file.cmd, token, MAXLINE - 1);
+            file.cmd[MAXLINE - 1] = '\0';
+        } else {
+            printf("Unsupported command: %s\n", token);
+            continue; // 如果不是get或put命令，跳过处理
+        }
+
+        token = strtok(NULL, " \t\n");  // 提取文件名参数
+        if (token != NULL) {
+            strncpy(file.filename, token, MAXLINE - 1);
+            file.filename[MAXLINE - 1] = '\0';
+        } else {
+            printf("Filename is required for command: %s\n", file.cmd);
+            continue; // 如果没有提供文件名参数，跳过处理
+        }
+
+       
+
+        if (strcmp(file.cmd,"put")==0)
+        {
+            strcat(filePath, file.filename); // 构建完整文件路径
+            fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file");
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+                fileSize = ftell(fp);
+                fclose(fp);
+                snprintf(file.fileSize, MAXLINE, "%ld", fileSize); // 将文件大小转换为字符串并存储
+            }
+
+            send(client_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0);
+            fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file for reading");
+            } else {
+                char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize);
+                fread(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 从文件中读取内容到缓冲区
+                send(client_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 发送文件内容
+                free(fileContent);
+                recv(client_sock, buf, MAXLINE, 0);
+                fputs(buf, stdout);
+                fclose(fp);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (strcmp(file.cmd,"get")==0)
+        {
+            send(client_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0);
+            recv(client_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0); // 接收文件信息
+            int fileSize = atoi(file.fileSize);
+            if (fileSize > 0) {
+                char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize); // 根据文件大小分配内存
+                recv(client_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 接收文件内容
+                FILE *fp = fopen(file.filename, "w");
+                if (fp != NULL) {
+                    fwrite(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 将接收到的内容写入文件
+                    fclose(fp);
+                } else {
+                    perror("Error creating file");
+                }
+                free(fileContent); // 释放内存
+            }
+            recv(client_sock, buf, MAXLINE, 0);
+            fputs(buf, stdout);
+        }
+        
+    }
+    close(client_sock);
+    exit(0);
+}

server-exp/ftps.c

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+typedef struct ftp_file
+{
+    char cmd[MAXLINE];  // FTP命令
+    char filename[MAXLINE]; // 文件名参数
+    char fileSize[MAXLINE]; // 文件大小参数
+} ftp_file_t;
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit)
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXBUF];
+    ftp_file_t file;
+    char filePath[MAXLINE] = "./"; // 假设当前目录下有文件
+
+    printf("第%d个客户通信开始\n",hit);
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t),0))> 0) {
+        printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+        if (strcmp(file.cmd,"put")==0)
+        {
+            int fileSize = atoi(file.fileSize);
+            char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize);
+            recv(conn_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 接收文件内容
+            FILE *fp = fopen(file.filename, "w");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file for writing");
+            } else {
+                fwrite(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 将接收到的内容写入文件
+                fclose(fp);
+            }
+            free(fileContent);
+            strcpy(buf, "File received successfully\n");
+            send (conn_sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
+        }
+        else if (strcmp(file.cmd,"get")==0)
+        {
+            strcat(filePath, file.filename); // 构建完整文件路径
+            FILE *fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file for reading");
+                strcpy(file.fileSize, "0");
+                send(conn_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0); // 发送错误信息
+            } else {
+                fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+                long fileSize = ftell(fp);
+                fclose(fp);
+                snprintf(file.fileSize, MAXLINE, "%ld", fileSize); // 将文件大小转换为字符串并存储
+                send(conn_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0); // 发送文件信息
+                fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+                if (fp != NULL) {
+                    char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize);
+                    fread(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 从文件中读取内容到缓冲区
+                    fclose(fp);
+                    send(conn_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 发送文件内容
+                    free(fileContent);
+                    strcpy(buf, "File sent successfully\n");
+                    send (conn_sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+    printf("第%d个客户通信结束\n",hit);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port, clientlen;
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    int hit;
+	
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);    
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {
+	    clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
+	    conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *)&clientaddr, &clientlen);
+
+	    /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	    hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	    haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	    printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+
+	    toggle(conn_sock,hit);
+	    close(conn_sock);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}

server-exp/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>
+		<title>the example web</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<H1>webserver test page</H1>
+		<p>
+			Not pretty but should prove that webserver works:-)
+		<p>
+		<IMG SRC="example.jpg">
+	</body>
+</html>

server-exp/perf.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+Flat profile:
+
+Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
+  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
+ time   seconds   seconds    calls  ns/call  ns/call  name    
+ 28.57      0.10     0.10  1461740    68.41   116.30  rio_readlineb
+ 25.71      0.19     0.09   365435   246.28   930.40  process_trans
+ 20.00      0.26     0.07 29966110     2.34     2.34  rio_read
+  5.71      0.28     0.02   974534    20.52    20.52  rio_writen
+  5.71      0.30     0.02   243603    82.10   123.15  feed_static
+  5.71      0.32     0.02   121832   164.16   246.25  error_request
+  2.86      0.33     0.01   365435    27.36   376.26  read_requesthdrs
+  2.86      0.34     0.01   121832    82.08    82.08  parse_dynamic_uri
+  2.86      0.35     0.01                             main
+  0.00      0.35     0.00   365435     0.00     0.00  is_static
+  0.00      0.35     0.00   365435     0.00     0.00  rio_readinitb
+  0.00      0.35     0.00   243603     0.00     0.00  get_filetype
+  0.00      0.35     0.00   243603     0.00     0.00  parse_static_uri
+  0.00      0.35     0.00        1     0.00     0.00  open_listen_sock
+
+ %         the percentage of the total running time of the
+time       program used by this function.
+
+cumulative a running sum of the number of seconds accounted
+ seconds   for by this function and those listed above it.
+
+ self      the number of seconds accounted for by this
+seconds    function alone.  This is the major sort for this
+           listing.
+
+calls      the number of times this function was invoked, if
+           this function is profiled, else blank.
+
+ self      the average number of milliseconds spent in this
+ms/call    function per call, if this function is profiled,
+	   else blank.
+
+ total     the average number of milliseconds spent in this
+ms/call    function and its descendents per call, if this
+	   function is profiled, else blank.
+
+name       the name of the function.  This is the minor sort
+           for this listing. The index shows the location of
+	   the function in the gprof listing. If the index is
+	   in parenthesis it shows where it would appear in
+	   the gprof listing if it were to be printed.
+
+Copyright (C) 2012-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved.
+
+		     Call graph (explanation follows)
+
+
+granularity: each sample hit covers 4 byte(s) for 2.86% of 0.35 seconds
+
+index % time    self  children    called     name
+                                                 <spontaneous>
+[1]    100.0    0.01    0.34                 main [1]
+                0.09    0.25  365435/365435      process_trans [2]
+                0.00    0.00       1/1           open_listen_sock [14]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.09    0.25  365435/365435      main [1]
+[2]     97.1    0.09    0.25  365435         process_trans [2]
+                0.01    0.13  365435/365435      read_requesthdrs [4]
+                0.03    0.02  365435/1461740     rio_readlineb [3]
+                0.02    0.01  121832/121832      error_request [6]
+                0.02    0.01  243603/243603      feed_static [7]
+                0.01    0.00  121832/121832      parse_dynamic_uri [9]
+                0.00    0.00  365435/365435      rio_readinitb [11]
+                0.00    0.00  365435/365435      is_static [10]
+                0.00    0.00  243603/243603      parse_static_uri [13]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.03    0.02  365435/1461740     process_trans [2]
+                0.07    0.05 1096305/1461740     read_requesthdrs [4]
+[3]     48.6    0.10    0.07 1461740         rio_readlineb [3]
+                0.07    0.00 29966110/29966110     rio_read [5]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.01    0.13  365435/365435      process_trans [2]
+[4]     39.3    0.01    0.13  365435         read_requesthdrs [4]
+                0.07    0.05 1096305/1461740     rio_readlineb [3]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.07    0.00 29966110/29966110     rio_readlineb [3]
+[5]     20.0    0.07    0.00 29966110         rio_read [5]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.02    0.01  121832/121832      process_trans [2]
+[6]      8.6    0.02    0.01  121832         error_request [6]
+                0.01    0.00  487328/974534      rio_writen [8]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.02    0.01  243603/243603      process_trans [2]
+[7]      8.6    0.02    0.01  243603         feed_static [7]
+                0.01    0.00  487206/974534      rio_writen [8]
+                0.00    0.00  243603/243603      get_filetype [12]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.01    0.00  487206/974534      feed_static [7]
+                0.01    0.00  487328/974534      error_request [6]
+[8]      5.7    0.02    0.00  974534         rio_writen [8]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.01    0.00  121832/121832      process_trans [2]
+[9]      2.9    0.01    0.00  121832         parse_dynamic_uri [9]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  365435/365435      process_trans [2]
+[10]     0.0    0.00    0.00  365435         is_static [10]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  365435/365435      process_trans [2]
+[11]     0.0    0.00    0.00  365435         rio_readinitb [11]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  243603/243603      feed_static [7]
+[12]     0.0    0.00    0.00  243603         get_filetype [12]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  243603/243603      process_trans [2]
+[13]     0.0    0.00    0.00  243603         parse_static_uri [13]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00       1/1           main [1]
+[14]     0.0    0.00    0.00       1         open_listen_sock [14]
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+ This table describes the call tree of the program, and was sorted by
+ the total amount of time spent in each function and its children.
+
+ Each entry in this table consists of several lines.  The line with the
+ index number at the left hand margin lists the current function.
+ The lines above it list the functions that called this function,
+ and the lines below it list the functions this one called.
+ This line lists:
+     index	A unique number given to each element of the table.
+		Index numbers are sorted numerically.
+		The index number is printed next to every function name so
+		it is easier to look up where the function is in the table.
+
+     % time	This is the percentage of the `total' time that was spent
+		in this function and its children.  Note that due to
+		different viewpoints, functions excluded by options, etc,
+		these numbers will NOT add up to 100%.
+
+     self	This is the total amount of time spent in this function.
+
+     children	This is the total amount of time propagated into this
+		function by its children.
+
+     called	This is the number of times the function was called.
+		If the function called itself recursively, the number
+		only includes non-recursive calls, and is followed by
+		a `+' and the number of recursive calls.
+
+     name	The name of the current function.  The index number is
+		printed after it.  If the function is a member of a
+		cycle, the cycle number is printed between the
+		function's name and the index number.
+
+
+ For the function's parents, the fields have the following meanings:
+
+     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
+		from the function into this parent.
+
+     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from
+		the function's children into this parent.
+
+     called	This is the number of times this parent called the
+		function `/' the total number of times the function
+		was called.  Recursive calls to the function are not
+		included in the number after the `/'.
+
+     name	This is the name of the parent.  The parent's index
+		number is printed after it.  If the parent is a
+		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed between
+		the name and the index number.
+
+ If the parents of the function cannot be determined, the word
+ `<spontaneous>' is printed in the `name' field, and all the other
+ fields are blank.
+
+ For the function's children, the fields have the following meanings:
+
+     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
+		from the child into the function.
+
+     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from the
+		child's children to the function.
+
+     called	This is the number of times the function called
+		this child `/' the total number of times the child
+		was called.  Recursive calls by the child are not
+		listed in the number after the `/'.
+
+     name	This is the name of the child.  The child's index
+		number is printed after it.  If the child is a
+		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed
+		between the name and the index number.
+
+ If there are any cycles (circles) in the call graph, there is an
+ entry for the cycle-as-a-whole.  This entry shows who called the
+ cycle (as parents) and the members of the cycle (as children.)
+ The `+' recursive calls entry shows the number of function calls that
+ were internal to the cycle, and the calls entry for each member shows,
+ for that member, how many times it was called from other members of
+ the cycle.
+
+Copyright (C) 2012-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved.
+
+Index by function name
+
+   [6] error_request          [14] open_listen_sock        [5] rio_read (common.c)
+   [7] feed_static             [9] parse_dynamic_uri      [11] rio_readinitb
+  [12] get_filetype           [13] parse_static_uri        [3] rio_readlineb
+  [10] is_static               [2] process_trans           [8] rio_writen
+   [1] main                    [4] read_requesthdrs

server-exp/test.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>a simple page for testing tiny</title>
+<head>
+<body>
+Hello World
+</body>
+</html>

server-exp/testfile.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello ftp test

server-exp/togglec.c

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int client_sock, port;
+    char *host, buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_t rio;
+
+    if (argc != 3) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <host><port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    host = argv[1];
+    port = atoi(argv[2]);
+
+    client_sock = open_client_sock(host, port);
+    if(client_sock==-1) {
+        fputs("Error to connect the Server\n",stdout);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+ 
+    while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
+	    send(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf),0);
+	    recv(client_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0);
+	    fputs(buf, stdout);
+    }
+    close(client_sock);
+    exit(0);
+}

server-exp/togglesi.c

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit) 
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXLINE]; 
+
+    printf("第%d个客户通信开始\n",hit);
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0))> 0) {
+	printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+
+        for(i=0; i<n; i++)
+            if(isupper(buf[i])) 
+                buf[i]=tolower(buf[i]);
+            else if(islower(buf[i]))
+                buf[i]=toupper(buf[i]);
+               
+	send (conn_sock, buf, n, 0);
+    }
+    printf("第%d个客户通信结束\n",hit);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port, clientlen;
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    int hit;
+	
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);    
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {
+	    clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
+	    conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *)&clientaddr, &clientlen);
+
+	    /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	    hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	    haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	    printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+
+	    toggle(conn_sock,hit);
+	    close(conn_sock);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}

server-exp/urls

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+http://127.0.0.1:8088/index.html
+http://127.0.0.1:8088/test.html
+http://127.0.0.1:8088/cgi-bin/add?2025&523808

server-exp/webclient.c

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include <arpa/inet.h>   // 提供IP地址转换函数
+#include <netinet/in.h>  // 提供套接字地址结构定义
+#include <stdio.h>       // 标准输入输出
+#include <stdlib.h>      // 标准库函数，如exit()
+#include <string.h>      // 字符串操作函数
+#include <sys/socket.h>  // 套接字相关函数
+#include <sys/types.h>   // 数据类型定义
+#include <unistd.h>      // POSIX API，如read()和write()
+
+//#define PORT 8181                /* 目标服务器的端口号 */
+//#define IP_ADDRESS "192.168.0.8" /* 目标服务器的IP地址 */
+#define BUFSIZE 8196             /* 缓冲区大小 */
+
+char *command = "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 \r\n\r\n"; /* HTTP GET 请求命令 */
+
+// 错误处理函数，打印错误信息并退出程序
+void pexit(char *msg) {
+    perror(msg);  // 打印错误信息
+    exit(1);      // 退出程序
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {//客户端启动命令为"./webclient 127.0.0.1  8088",argv[1]是IP地址，argv[2]是端口号8088
+    int i, sockfd;                 // sockfd是套接字文件描述符
+    char buffer[BUFSIZE];          // 用于存储从服务器接收的数据
+    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;  // 定义服务器地址结构
+
+    // 打印尝试连接服务器的信息
+    printf("客户端尝试连接到 %s 和端口 %s\n", argv[1], argv[2]);
+
+    // 创建套接字，使用IPv4和TCP协议
+    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) pexit("socket() 创建失败");
+
+    // 配置服务器地址
+    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;                  // 地址族为IPv4
+    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);  // 设置服务器IP地址,如"127.0.0.1"
+    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));       // 设置服务器端口号,如"8088"
+
+    // 尝试连接到服务器
+    if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
+        pexit("connect() 连接失败");
+
+    // 发送HTTP GET请求到服务器
+    printf("发送字节数=%ld %s\n", strlen(command), command);
+    if (write(sockfd, command, strlen(command)) < 0) pexit("write() 发送请求失败");
+
+    // 循环读取服务器返回的数据，并输出到标准输出
+    while ((i = read(sockfd, buffer, BUFSIZE)) > 0) {
+        if (write(1, buffer, i) < 0)  // 1表示标准输出
+            pexit("write() 输出到标准输出失败");
+    }
+
+    // 关闭套接字，释放资源
+    close(sockfd);
+    return 0;  // 程序正常退出
+}

server-exp/weblet.c

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+void process_trans(int fd,int hit);
+void read_requesthdrs(rio_t *rp,int hit,int nrh);
+int is_static(char *uri);
+void parse_static_uri(char *uri, char *filename);
+void parse_dynamic_uri(char *uri, char *filename, char *cgiargs);
+void feed_static(int fd, char *filename, int filesize);
+void get_filetype(char *filename, char *filetype);
+void feed_dynamic(int fd, char *filename, char *cgiargs);
+void error_request(int fd, char *cause, char *errnum, 
+		 char *shortmsg, char *description);
+		 
+/* 支持的文件扩展名及其对应的MIME类型 */
+struct {
+    char *ext;       // 文件扩展名
+    char *filetype;  // MIME类型
+} extensions[] = {
+    {".gif", "image/gif"},
+    {".jpg", "image/jpg"},
+    {".jpeg", "image/jpeg"},
+    {".png", "image/png"},
+    {".ico", "image/ico"},
+    {".zip", "image/zip"},
+    {".gz", "image/gz"},
+    {".tar", "image/tar"},
+    {".htm", "text/html"},
+    {".html", "text/html"},
+    {0, 0}  // 结束标志
+};
+
+/* 调试模式宏定义 */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define printf2(format, var) printf(format,var)
+#define printf3(format,var1,var2) printf(format,var1,var2)
+#else
+#define printf2(format, var) 
+#define printf3(format,var1,var2)
+#endif
+
+/* 全局变量说明 */
+
+
+/* Ctrl+C信号处理函数 */
+void ctrlc_handler(int sig)
+{
+    printf("您按下了Ctrl+C终止了Web服务器\n");
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+/* 主函数：监听端口并处理客户端连接 */
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port;
+    int hit;  		// 请求计数器
+    socklen_t clientlen;
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
+
+    /* 检查命令行参数 */
+    if (argc != 2) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "用法: %s <端口号>\n", argv[0]);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* 设置Ctrl+C信号处理 */
+    if(signal(SIGINT,ctrlc_handler)==SIG_ERR) 
+        (void)printf("错误: 无法设置SIGINT信号处理\n");
+        
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {             //hit为第几次请求，或第几次http事务
+        clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
+        conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *)&clientaddr, &clientlen);
+        process_trans(conn_sock,hit);  // 处理HTTP事务
+        close(conn_sock);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+/* 处理HTTP事务的核心函数 */
+void process_trans(int fd,int hit) 
+{
+    int static_flag;      // 是否为静态资源标志
+    struct stat sbuf;     // 文件状态信息
+    char buf[MAXLINE], method[MAXLINE]="", uri[MAXLINE]="", version[MAXLINE]="http/1.1";
+    char filename[MAXLINE], cgiargs[MAXLINE];
+    
+    rio_t rio;
+    int rhn=0;     // 请求头计数器
+    
+    printf2("第%d次请求开始\n",hit);
+    
+    /* 读取请求行和请求头 */
+    rio_readinitb(&rio, fd);
+    rio_readlineb(&rio, buf, MAXLINE);
+    printf3("请求头%d:%s", ++rhn, buf);
+    
+    //判断第一个请求行是否正好有三个单词构成，如GET  /  http/1.1
+    /*int wn=0; char *p=buf;    
+    while(*p==' ' || *p=='\t') p++;
+    while(*p) {
+       if((*p==' '||*p=='\t') && *(p+1)!=' ') wn++;
+       p++;
+    }
+    
+    if (wn==2) */
+       sscanf(buf, "%s %s %s", method, uri, version);
+
+    if (strcasecmp(method, "GET")) {  // 仅支持GET方法
+        error_request(fd, method, "501", "未实现", 
+                     "本服务器不支持该请求方法");
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    read_requesthdrs(&rio,hit,rhn);  // 读取剩余请求头
+
+    static_flag = is_static(uri);  // 判断资源类型
+    if(static_flag)
+        parse_static_uri(uri, filename);  // 解析静态资源路径
+    else
+        parse_dynamic_uri(uri, filename, cgiargs);  // 解析动态资源路径和参数
+
+    /* 检查文件是否存在及权限 */
+    if (stat(filename, &sbuf) < 0) {
+        error_request(fd, filename, "404", "未找到", 
+                     "服务器无法找到该文件");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* 根据资源类型发送响应 */
+    if (static_flag) {  // 静态资源处理
+        if (!(S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) || !(S_IRUSR & sbuf.st_mode)) {
+            error_request(fd, filename, "403", "禁止访问", 
+                         "服务器无权读取该文件");
+            return;
+        }
+        feed_static(fd, filename, sbuf.st_size);  // 发送静态文件内容
+    }
+    else {  // 动态资源处理
+        if (!(S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) || !(S_IXUSR & sbuf.st_mode)) {
+            error_request(fd, filename, "403", "禁止访问", 
+                         "服务器无法执行该CGI程序");
+            return;
+        }
+        feed_dynamic(fd, filename, cgiargs);  // 执行CGI程序并发送输出
+    }
+}
+
+/* 判断URI是否对应静态资源 */
+int is_static(char *uri)
+{
+    return strstr(uri, "cgi-bin") == NULL;  // 不含cgi-bin则为静态资源
+}
+
+/* 构造HTTP错误响应 */
+void error_request(int fd, char *cause, char *errnum, 
+                 char *shortmsg, char *description) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE], body[MAXBUF];
+
+    /* 构建错误页面内容 */
+    sprintf(body, "<html><title>错误请求</title>");
+    sprintf(body, "%s<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\r\n", body);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<h1>%s %s</h1>\r\n", body, errnum, shortmsg);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<p>%s: %s</p>\r\n", body, description, cause);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<hr><em>weblet Web服务器</em>\r\n", body);
+
+    /* 发送HTTP响应头 */
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 %s %s\r\n", errnum, shortmsg);
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Content-length: %d\r\n\r\n", (int)strlen(body));
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    
+    /* 发送错误页面内容 */
+    rio_writen(fd, body, strlen(body));
+}
+
+/* 读取请求头直到空行 */
+void read_requesthdrs(rio_t *rp,int hit, int rhn) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_readlineb(rp, buf, MAXLINE);
+    while(strcmp(buf, "\r\n")) {
+        printf3("请求头%d:%s", ++rhn, buf);
+        rio_readlineb(rp, buf, MAXLINE);
+    }
+    printf2("第%d次请求结束\n\n",hit); 
+}
+
+/* 解析静态资源URI到文件路径 */
+void parse_static_uri(char *uri, char *filename) 
+{
+    strcpy(filename, ".");
+    strcat(filename, uri);
+    if (uri[strlen(uri)-1] == '/')
+        strcat(filename, "index.html");  // 默认返回index.html
+}
+
+/* 解析动态资源URI到文件路径和参数 */
+void parse_dynamic_uri(char *uri, char *filename, char *cgiargs)
+{
+    char *ptr = index(uri, '?');
+    if (ptr) {
+        strcpy(cgiargs, ptr+1);  // 提取参数部分
+        *ptr = '\0';  // 截断URI
+    } else {
+        strcpy(cgiargs, "");
+    }
+    strcpy(filename, ".");
+    strcat(filename, uri);
+}
+
+/* 发送静态文件内容 */
+void feed_static(int fd, char *filename, int filesize) 
+{
+    int srcfd; 
+    char *srcp, filetype[MAXLINE], buf[MAXBUF];
+
+    /* 发送HTTP响应头 */
+    get_filetype(filename, filetype);
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
+    sprintf(buf, "%sServer: weblet Web Server\r\n", buf);
+    sprintf(buf, "%sContent-length: %d\r\n", buf, filesize);
+    sprintf(buf, "%sContent-type: %s\r\n\r\n", buf, filetype);
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+
+    /* 发送文件内容 */
+    srcfd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, 0);
+    srcp = mmap(0, filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, srcfd, 0);
+    close(srcfd);
+    rio_writen(fd, srcp, filesize);
+    munmap(srcp, filesize);
+}
+
+/* 根据文件扩展名获取MIME类型 */
+void get_filetype(char *filename, char *filetype) 
+{
+    int i, len;
+    strcpy(filetype, "text/html");  // 默认类型
+    for (i = 0; extensions[i].ext != 0; i++) {
+        len = strlen(extensions[i].ext);
+        if (!strcmp(&filename[strlen(filename)-len], extensions[i].ext)) {
+            strcpy(filetype, extensions[i].filetype);
+            break;
+        }
+    }    
+}
+
+/* 启动子进程执行CGI程序 */
+void feed_dynamic(int fd, char *filename, char *cgiargs) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE], *emptylist[] = { NULL };
+    int pfd[2];
+
+    /* 构造HTTP响应头 */
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Server: weblet Web Server\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    
+    /* 创建管道并启动子进程 */
+    (void)pipe(pfd);
+    if (fork() == 0) {  // 子进程
+        close(pfd[1]);  // 关闭写端
+        dup2(pfd[0], STDIN_FILENO);  // 重定向标准输入
+        dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);  // 重定向标准输出到客户端
+        execve(filename, emptylist, environ);  // 执行CGI程序
+    }
+
+    close(pfd[0]);  // 父进程关闭读端
+    (void)write(pfd[1], cgiargs, strlen(cgiargs)+1);  // 传递参数
+    wait(NULL);  // 等待子进程结束
+    close(pfd[1]);  // 关闭写端
+}

server-exp/实验1任务报告（web服务器初步实现）(1) (1).docx:Zone.Identifier

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[ZoneTransfer]
+ZoneId=3
+ReferrerUrl=https://lms.dgut.edu.cn/
+HostUrl=https://uobs.dgut.edu.cn/view/resources/web/17452239027185951.docx?attname=%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C1%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%EF%BC%88web%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%88%9D%E6%AD%A5%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%89(1).docx

server-exp/实验一文件清单.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+common.h   : 公共头文件、函数声明、常量定义等（由教材wrapper.h简化而来）
+common.c   : RIO函数库和打开网络连接函数源代码（教材中libwrapper.c简化而来）
+webclient.c: web客户端源代码(《操作系统实验教程》第1章的client.c)
+webserver.c: web服务器源代码(即教材《Linux编程》第8章的weblet.c)
+togglec.c  : toggle客户端源代码(教材第8章源代码）
+togglesi.c : 迭代式toggle服务器源代码（教材《Linux编程》第8章源代码）
+./cgi-bin/add.c: 生成动态网页的cgi程序（教材《Linux编程》第8章）
+Makefile: 目标和源代码间相互依赖关系文件（参考教材《Linux编程》第3章）
+index.html: 缺省网页文件
+example.jpg: 网页文件index.html中内嵌的图片
+favicon.ico: index.html中内嵌的图标
+test.html: 第2个测试用网页
+urls: 记录运行http_load执行时，访问哪些网址
+gmon.out: grof命令生成的性能数据文件

server-exp2/cgi-bin/add.c

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#define MAXLINE 8192
+
+int main(void) {
+    char *buf, *p;
+    char content[MAXLINE];
+    int n1=0, n2=0;
+
+    /* Extract the two arguments from standard input */
+    scanf("%d&%d", &n1, &n2);
+    
+    /* Make the response body */
+    sprintf(content, "Welcome to add.com: ");
+    sprintf(content, "%sTHE Internet addition portal.\r\n<p>", content);
+    sprintf(content, "%sThe answer is: %d + %d = %d\r\n<p>", 
+	    content, n1, n2, n1 + n2);
+    sprintf(content, "%sThanks for visiting!\r\n", content);
+
+    /* Generate the HTTP response */
+    printf("Content-length: %d\r\n", (int) strlen(content));
+    printf("Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n");
+    printf("%s", content);
+    fflush(stdout);
+    exit(0);
+}

server-exp2/common.c

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/* $begin common.c */
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+
+
+/*********************************************************************
+ * The Rio package - robust I/O functions
+ **********************************************************************/
+/*
+ * rio_readn - robustly read n bytes (unbuffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readn */
+ssize_t rio_readn(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nread;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nread = 0;      /* and call read() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;      /* errno set by read() */ 
+	} 
+	else if (nread == 0)
+	    break;              /* EOF */
+	nleft -= nread;
+	bufp += nread;
+    }
+    return (n - nleft);         /* return >= 0 */
+}
+/* $end rio_readn */
+
+/*
+ * rio_writen - robustly write n bytes (unbuffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_writen */
+ssize_t rio_writen(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nwritten;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) <= 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR)  /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nwritten = 0;    /* and call write() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;       /* errorno set by write() */
+	}
+	nleft -= nwritten;
+	bufp += nwritten;
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+/* $end rio_writen */
+
+
+/* 
+ * rio_read - This is a wrapper for the Unix read() function that
+ *    transfers min(n, rio_cnt) bytes from an internal buffer to a user
+ *    buffer, where n is the number of bytes requested by the user and
+ *    rio_cnt is the number of unread bytes in the internal buffer. On
+ *    entry, rio_read() refills the internal buffer via a call to
+ *    read() if the internal buffer is empty.
+ */
+/* $begin rio_read */
+static ssize_t rio_read(rio_t *rp, char *usrbuf, size_t n)
+{
+    int cnt;
+
+    while (rp->rio_cnt <= 0) {  /* refill if buf is empty */
+	rp->rio_cnt = read(rp->rio_fd, rp->rio_buf, 
+			   sizeof(rp->rio_buf));
+	if (rp->rio_cnt < 0) {
+	    if (errno != EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else if (rp->rio_cnt == 0)  /* EOF */
+	    return 0;
+	else 
+	    rp->rio_bufptr = rp->rio_buf; /* reset buffer ptr */
+    }
+
+    /* Copy min(n, rp->rio_cnt) bytes from internal buf to user buf */
+    cnt = n;          
+    if (rp->rio_cnt < n)   
+	cnt = rp->rio_cnt;
+    memcpy(usrbuf, rp->rio_bufptr, cnt);
+    rp->rio_bufptr += cnt;
+    rp->rio_cnt -= cnt;
+    return cnt;
+}
+/* $end rio_read */
+
+/*
+ * rio_readinitb - Associate a descriptor with a read buffer and reset buffer
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readinitb */
+void rio_readinitb(rio_t *rp, int fd) 
+{
+    rp->rio_fd = fd;  
+    rp->rio_cnt = 0;  
+    rp->rio_bufptr = rp->rio_buf;
+}
+/* $end rio_readinitb */
+
+/*
+ * rio_readnb - Robustly read n bytes (buffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readnb */
+ssize_t rio_readnb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nread;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+    
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nread = rio_read(rp, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nread = 0;      /* call read() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;      /* errno set by read() */ 
+	} 
+	else if (nread == 0)
+	    break;              /* EOF */
+	nleft -= nread;
+	bufp += nread;
+    }
+    return (n - nleft);         /* return >= 0 */
+}
+/* $end rio_readnb */
+
+/* 
+ * rio_readlineb - robustly read a text line (buffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readlineb */
+ssize_t rio_readlineb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t maxlen) 
+{
+    int n, rc;
+    char c, *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    for (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++) { 
+	if ((rc = rio_read(rp, &c, 1)) == 1) {
+	    *bufp++ = c;
+	    if (c == '\n')
+		break;
+	} else if (rc == 0) {
+	    if (n == 1)
+		return 0; /* EOF, no data read */
+	    else
+		break;    /* EOF, some data was read */
+	} else
+	    return -1;	  /* error */
+    }
+    *bufp = 0;
+    return n;
+}
+/* $end rio_readlineb */
+
+/**********************************
+ * Wrappers for robust I/O routines
+ **********************************/
+
+
+/******************************** 
+ * Client/server helper functions
+ ********************************/
+/*
+ * open_client_sock - open connection to server at <hostname, port> 
+ *   and return a socket descriptor ready for reading and writing.
+ *   Returns -1 and sets errno on Unix error. 
+ *   Returns -2 and sets h_errno on DNS (gethostbyname) error.
+ */
+/* $begin open_client_sock */
+int open_client_sock(char *hostname, int port) 
+{
+    int client_sock;
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
+
+    if ((client_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+	return -1; /* check errno for cause of error */
+
+    /* Fill in the server's IP address and port */
+    if ((hp = gethostbyname(hostname)) == NULL)
+	return -2; /* check h_errno for cause of error */
+    bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
+    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    bcopy((char *)hp->h_addr_list[0], 
+	  (char *)&serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr, hp->h_length);
+    serveraddr.sin_port = htons(port);
+
+    /* Establish a connection with the server */
+    if (connect(client_sock, (SA *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+    return client_sock;
+}
+/* $end open_client_sock */
+
+/*  
+ * open_listen_sock - open and return a listening socket on port
+ *     Returns -1 and sets errno on Unix error.
+ */
+/* $begin open_listen_sock */
+int open_listen_sock(int port) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, optval=1;
+    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
+  
+    /* Create a socket descriptor */
+    if ((listen_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+ 
+    /* Eliminates "Address already in use" error from bind. */
+    if (setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 
+		   (const void *)&optval , sizeof(int)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+
+    /* Listen_sock will be an endpoint for all requests to port
+       on any IP address for this host */
+    bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
+    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; 
+    serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); 
+    serveraddr.sin_port = htons((unsigned short)port); 
+    if (bind(listen_sock, (SA *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+
+    /* Make it a listening socket ready to accept connection requests */
+    if (listen(listen_sock, LISTENQ) < 0)
+	return -1;
+    return listen_sock;
+}
+/* $end open_listen_sock */
+
+
+/* $end wrapper.c */
+
+
+
+

server-exp2/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/* $begin common.h */
+#ifndef __COMMON_H__
+#define __COMMON_H__
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h> 
+#include <sys/ipc.h> 
+#include <sys/msg.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <sys/sem.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+/* Default file permissions are DEF_MODE & ~DEF_UMASK */
+/* $begin createmasks */
+#define DEF_MODE   S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH
+#define DEF_UMASK  S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH
+/* $end createmasks */
+
+/* Simplifies calls to bind(), connect(), and accept() */
+/* $begin sockaddrdef */
+typedef struct sockaddr SA;
+/* $end sockaddrdef */
+
+/* Persistent state for the robust I/O (Rio) package */
+/* $begin rio_t */
+#define RIO_BUFSIZE 8192
+typedef struct {
+    int rio_fd;                /* descriptor for this internal buf */
+    int rio_cnt;               /* unread bytes in internal buf */
+    char *rio_bufptr;          /* next unread byte in internal buf */
+    char rio_buf[RIO_BUFSIZE]; /* internal buffer */
+} rio_t;
+/* $end rio_t */
+
+/* External variables */
+extern int h_errno;    /* defined by BIND for DNS errors */ 
+extern char **environ; /* defined by libc */
+
+/* Misc constants */
+#define	MAXLINE	 8192  /* max text line length */
+#define MAXBUF   8192  /* max I/O buffer size */
+#define LISTENQ  1024  /* second argument to listen() */
+
+/* Rio (Robust I/O) package */
+ssize_t rio_readn(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+ssize_t rio_writen(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+void rio_readinitb(rio_t *rp, int fd); 
+ssize_t	rio_readnb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+ssize_t	rio_readlineb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t maxlen);
+
+/* Client/server helper functions */
+int open_client_sock(char *hostname, int portno);
+int open_listen_sock(int portno);
+
+#endif /* __COMMON_H__ */
+/* $end common.h */

server-exp2/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>
+		<title>the example web</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<H1>webserver test page</H1>
+		<p>
+			Not pretty but should prove that webserver works:-)
+		<p>
+		<IMG SRC="example.jpg">
+	</body>
+</html>

server-exp2/perf.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+Flat profile:
+
+Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
+  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
+ time   seconds   seconds    calls  us/call  us/call  name    
+ 42.86      0.09     0.09 23039432     0.00     0.00  rio_read
+ 28.57      0.15     0.06 15339432     0.00     0.01  rio_readlineb
+  9.52      0.17     0.02   100001     0.20     1.69  read_requesthdrs
+  9.52      0.19     0.02   100000     0.20     0.20  get_filetype
+  4.76      0.20     0.01   100001     0.10     2.10  process_trans
+  4.76      0.21     0.01   100001     0.10     0.10  rio_readinitb
+  0.00      0.21     0.00   200000     0.00     0.00  rio_writen
+  0.00      0.21     0.00   100000     0.00     0.20  feed_static
+  0.00      0.21     0.00   100000     0.00     0.00  is_static
+  0.00      0.21     0.00   100000     0.00     0.00  parse_static_uri
+  0.00      0.21     0.00        1     0.00     0.00  open_listen_sock
+
+ %         the percentage of the total running time of the
+time       program used by this function.
+
+cumulative a running sum of the number of seconds accounted
+ seconds   for by this function and those listed above it.
+
+ self      the number of seconds accounted for by this
+seconds    function alone.  This is the major sort for this
+           listing.
+
+calls      the number of times this function was invoked, if
+           this function is profiled, else blank.
+
+ self      the average number of milliseconds spent in this
+ms/call    function per call, if this function is profiled,
+	   else blank.
+
+ total     the average number of milliseconds spent in this
+ms/call    function and its descendents per call, if this
+	   function is profiled, else blank.
+
+name       the name of the function.  This is the minor sort
+           for this listing. The index shows the location of
+	   the function in the gprof listing. If the index is
+	   in parenthesis it shows where it would appear in
+	   the gprof listing if it were to be printed.
+
+Copyright (C) 2012-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved.
+
+		     Call graph (explanation follows)
+
+
+granularity: each sample hit covers 4 byte(s) for 4.76% of 0.21 seconds
+
+index % time    self  children    called     name
+                0.01    0.20  100001/100001      main [2]
+[1]    100.0    0.01    0.20  100001         process_trans [1]
+                0.02    0.15  100001/100001      read_requesthdrs [3]
+                0.00    0.02  100000/100000      feed_static [6]
+                0.01    0.00  100001/100001      rio_readinitb [8]
+                0.00    0.00  100001/15339432     rio_readlineb [4]
+                0.00    0.00  100000/100000      is_static [10]
+                0.00    0.00  100000/100000      parse_static_uri [11]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                                                 <spontaneous>
+[2]    100.0    0.00    0.21                 main [2]
+                0.01    0.20  100001/100001      process_trans [1]
+                0.00    0.00       1/1           open_listen_sock [12]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.02    0.15  100001/100001      process_trans [1]
+[3]     80.5    0.02    0.15  100001         read_requesthdrs [3]
+                0.06    0.09 15239431/15339432     rio_readlineb [4]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  100001/15339432     process_trans [1]
+                0.06    0.09 15239431/15339432     read_requesthdrs [3]
+[4]     71.4    0.06    0.09 15339432         rio_readlineb [4]
+                0.09    0.00 23039432/23039432     rio_read [5]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.09    0.00 23039432/23039432     rio_readlineb [4]
+[5]     42.9    0.09    0.00 23039432         rio_read [5]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.02  100000/100000      process_trans [1]
+[6]      9.5    0.00    0.02  100000         feed_static [6]
+                0.02    0.00  100000/100000      get_filetype [7]
+                0.00    0.00  200000/200000      rio_writen [9]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.02    0.00  100000/100000      feed_static [6]
+[7]      9.5    0.02    0.00  100000         get_filetype [7]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.01    0.00  100001/100001      process_trans [1]
+[8]      4.8    0.01    0.00  100001         rio_readinitb [8]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  200000/200000      feed_static [6]
+[9]      0.0    0.00    0.00  200000         rio_writen [9]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  100000/100000      process_trans [1]
+[10]     0.0    0.00    0.00  100000         is_static [10]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00  100000/100000      process_trans [1]
+[11]     0.0    0.00    0.00  100000         parse_static_uri [11]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00       1/1           main [2]
+[12]     0.0    0.00    0.00       1         open_listen_sock [12]
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+ This table describes the call tree of the program, and was sorted by
+ the total amount of time spent in each function and its children.
+
+ Each entry in this table consists of several lines.  The line with the
+ index number at the left hand margin lists the current function.
+ The lines above it list the functions that called this function,
+ and the lines below it list the functions this one called.
+ This line lists:
+     index	A unique number given to each element of the table.
+		Index numbers are sorted numerically.
+		The index number is printed next to every function name so
+		it is easier to look up where the function is in the table.
+
+     % time	This is the percentage of the `total' time that was spent
+		in this function and its children.  Note that due to
+		different viewpoints, functions excluded by options, etc,
+		these numbers will NOT add up to 100%.
+
+     self	This is the total amount of time spent in this function.
+
+     children	This is the total amount of time propagated into this
+		function by its children.
+
+     called	This is the number of times the function was called.
+		If the function called itself recursively, the number
+		only includes non-recursive calls, and is followed by
+		a `+' and the number of recursive calls.
+
+     name	The name of the current function.  The index number is
+		printed after it.  If the function is a member of a
+		cycle, the cycle number is printed between the
+		function's name and the index number.
+
+
+ For the function's parents, the fields have the following meanings:
+
+     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
+		from the function into this parent.
+
+     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from
+		the function's children into this parent.
+
+     called	This is the number of times this parent called the
+		function `/' the total number of times the function
+		was called.  Recursive calls to the function are not
+		included in the number after the `/'.
+
+     name	This is the name of the parent.  The parent's index
+		number is printed after it.  If the parent is a
+		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed between
+		the name and the index number.
+
+ If the parents of the function cannot be determined, the word
+ `<spontaneous>' is printed in the `name' field, and all the other
+ fields are blank.
+
+ For the function's children, the fields have the following meanings:
+
+     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
+		from the child into the function.
+
+     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from the
+		child's children to the function.
+
+     called	This is the number of times the function called
+		this child `/' the total number of times the child
+		was called.  Recursive calls by the child are not
+		listed in the number after the `/'.
+
+     name	This is the name of the child.  The child's index
+		number is printed after it.  If the child is a
+		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed
+		between the name and the index number.
+
+ If there are any cycles (circles) in the call graph, there is an
+ entry for the cycle-as-a-whole.  This entry shows who called the
+ cycle (as parents) and the members of the cycle (as children.)
+ The `+' recursive calls entry shows the number of function calls that
+ were internal to the cycle, and the calls entry for each member shows,
+ for that member, how many times it was called from other members of
+ the cycle.
+
+Copyright (C) 2012-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved.
+
+Index by function name
+
+   [6] feed_static            [11] parse_static_uri        [8] rio_readinitb
+   [7] get_filetype            [1] process_trans           [4] rio_readlineb
+  [10] is_static               [3] read_requesthdrs        [9] rio_writen
+  [12] open_listen_sock        [5] rio_read (common.c)

server-exp2/t1.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+hello 
+world
+dgut
+computer
+Hello
+WORLD

server-exp2/t2.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+hello 
+world
+dgut
+computer
+Hello
+WORLD

server-exp2/taskline.c

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/* task pool management fucntions */
+/* task_pool_init */
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "taskline.h"
+void task_line_init(task_line_t *tlp, int n)
+{
+    tlp->taskp = calloc(n, sizeof(task_t)); 
+    tlp->cnt = n;                     /* socks holds max of n items */
+    tlp->inpos= tlp->outpos = 0;           /* Empty socks iff inpos== outpos */
+    sem_init(&tlp->mutex, 0, 1);       /* Binary semaphore for locking */
+    sem_init(&tlp->avail, 0, tlp->cnt);/* Initially, socks has cnt empty cell */
+    sem_init(&tlp->ready, 0, 0);     /* Initially, socks has zero data items */
+}
+
+/* Clean up task line */
+void task_line_deinit(task_line_t *tlp)
+{
+    free(tlp->taskp);
+}
+
+/* Insert item onto the rear of task line */
+void task_insert (task_line_t *tlp, task_t item)
+{   sem_wait(&tlp->avail);           /* Wait for available cell */
+    sem_wait(&tlp->mutex);        /* Lock the shared variable inpos pointer */
+    tlp->taskp[tlp->inpos] = item;     /* Insert the item */
+    tlp->inpos =(tlp-> inpos +1)%(tlp->cnt); /* adjuset inpos point */
+    sem_post(&tlp->mutex);          /* Unlock the buffer */
+    sem_post(&tlp->ready);          /* Announce available item */
+}
+ 
+
+/* Remove and return the first item from task_pool */
+task_t task_remove(task_line_t *tlp)
+{
+    task_t item;
+    sem_wait(&tlp->ready);    /* Wait for available item */
+    sem_wait(&tlp->mutex);    /* Lock the shared pointer variable tp->outpos */
+    item = tlp->taskp[tlp->outpos];            /* Remove the item */
+    tlp->outpos=(tlp->outpos+1)%(tlp->cnt);     /* adjuset outpos point */
+    sem_post(&tlp->avail);                    /* Announce available slot */
+    sem_post(&tlp->mutex);  /* Unlock the shared pointer variable tp->outpos */
+    return item;
+}
+

server-exp2/taskline.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+typedef struct _task_t {
+    int conn_sock;			//客户连接socket
+    int hit;                           //第几个客户
+} task_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    task_t *taskp;         /* Buffer array */         
+    int cnt;            /* Maximum number of cell */
+    int inpos;          /* buf[inpos] is first available cell */
+    int outpos;         /* buf[outpos] is fist item */
+    sem_t mutex;      /* Protects accesses to socks */
+    sem_t avail;       /* Counts available cells */
+    sem_t ready;      /* Counts ready items */
+} task_line_t;
+
+/*  task line wrapper functions */
+void task_line_init(task_line_t *tlp, int n);
+void task_line_deinit(task_line_t *tlp);
+void task_insert(task_line_t *tlp, task_t item);
+task_t task_remove(task_line_t *tlp);

server-exp2/test.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>a simple page for testing tiny</title>
+<head>
+<body>
+Hello World
+</body>
+</html>

server-exp2/togglec.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int client_sock, port;
+    char *host, buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_t rio;
+
+    if (argc != 3) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <host><port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    host = argv[1];
+    port = atoi(argv[2]);
+
+    client_sock = open_client_sock(host, port);
+    if(client_sock==-1) {
+        fputs("Error to connect the Server\n",stdout);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+ 
+    while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
+            //sleep(1);
+	    send(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf),0);
+	    recv(client_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0);
+	    fputs(buf, stdout);
+    }
+    close(client_sock);
+    exit(0);
+}

server-exp2/togglecm

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+for i in {1..20}
+do 
+  ./togglec localhost 12345 < $1
+  sleep 1
+done
+

server-exp2/togglesp.c

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+void sigchld_handler(int sig) 
+{
+    while (waitpid(-1, 0, WNOHANG) > 0);
+    return;
+}
+
+typedef void (*sighandler_t) (int sig) ;
+
+void Signal(int sig, sighandler_t handler){
+    struct sigaction sa;
+    sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler;
+    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+    sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;  // 确保被信号中断的系统调用自动重启
+    sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
+}
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit) 
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXLINE]; 
+
+    printf("第%d个客户通信开始\n",hit);
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0))> 0) {
+	printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+
+        for(i=0; i<n; i++)
+            if(isupper(buf[i])) 
+                buf[i]=tolower(buf[i]);
+            else if(islower(buf[i]))
+                buf[i]=toupper(buf[i]);
+               
+	send (conn_sock, buf, n, 0);
+    }
+    printf("第%d个客户通信结束\n",hit);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port; 
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr; 
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    int hit;
+        
+    socklen_t clientlen=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    //设置SIGHLD的信号处理函数，用于收割结束的子进程
+    Signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler);
+    
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);
+    
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    for(hit=1; ; hit++) {
+	conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *) &clientaddr, &clientlen);
+
+        /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+
+	if (fork() == 0) { 
+	       close(listen_sock);     /* Child process closes its listening socket */
+	       toggle(conn_sock,hit);    /* Child process services client */
+	       close(conn_sock);     /* Child process closes connection with client */
+	       exit(0);                /* Child process exits */
+	}
+	close(conn_sock);         /* Parent closes connected socket (important!) */
+    }
+}

server-exp2/togglest.c

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock, int hit);
+void *serve_client(void *vargp);
+
+typedef struct _client_data_t {
+    int conn_sock;			//客户连接socket
+    int hit;                           //第几个客户
+} client_data_t;
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port,*conn_sock_p ; 
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr; 
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    client_data_t *cdp;                 //连接客户信息
+    int hit;				//连接客户计数
+
+    socklen_t clientlen=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+
+    pthread_t tid; 
+
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {
+	    cdp = malloc(sizeof(client_data_t));
+	    cdp->conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *) &clientaddr, &clientlen);
+	    cdp->hit=hit;
+	    
+            /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	    hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	    haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	    printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+
+	    pthread_create(&tid, NULL, serve_client, (void *)cdp);
+    }
+}
+
+/* thread routine */
+void * serve_client (void *vargp) 
+{  
+    int hit,conn_sock;
+    client_data_t cd;
+    cd = *(client_data_t *)vargp;
+    
+    pthread_detach(pthread_self()); 
+    free(vargp);
+    toggle(cd.conn_sock,cd.hit);
+    
+    close(conn_sock);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit) 
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXLINE]; 
+
+    printf("第%d个客户通信开始\n",hit);
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0))> 0) {
+	printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+
+        for(i=0; i<n; i++)
+            if(isupper(buf[i])) 
+                buf[i]=tolower(buf[i]);
+            else if(islower(buf[i]))
+                buf[i]=toupper(buf[i]);
+               
+	send (conn_sock, buf, n, 0);
+    }
+    printf("第%d个客户通信结束\n",hit);
+}
+

server-exp2/togglest_pool.c

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "common.h"
+#include "pool.h"
+
+#define NTHREADS   4
+#define SBUFSIZE   16
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit);
+void *serve_client(void *vargp);
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit) 
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXLINE]; 
+
+    //printf("线程%d服务第%d个客户请求通信开始\n",tid,hit);
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0))> 0) {
+	printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+
+        for(i=0; i<n; i++)
+            if(isupper(buf[i])) 
+                buf[i]=tolower(buf[i]);
+            else if(islower(buf[i]))
+                buf[i]=toupper(buf[i]);
+        sleep(1);      
+	send (conn_sock, buf, n, 0);
+    }
+    //printf("线程%d服务第%d个客户请求通信结束\n",tid,hit);
+}
+
+//示例任务 
+void handle_request(int sock, int taskid, int tid) {
+
+    printf("线程%d服务第%d个客户通信开始\n",tid,taskid);
+    //usleep(1);
+    toggle(sock,taskid);
+    printf("线程%d服务第%d个客户通信结束\n",tid,taskid);
+    close(sock);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port,i; 
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr; 
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    int hit;
+ 
+    int nth[NTHREADS];
+    
+    socklen_t clientlen=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+
+    pthread_t tid; 
+
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }    
+    
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+    
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+
+    printf("start main\n");
+    // 初始化线程池
+    threadpool* pool = initThreadPool(NTHREADS);
+
+    // 创建示例任务并将其添加到线程池
+        for (hit=1; ; hit++) { 
+	    conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *) &clientaddr, &clientlen);
+	    
+           /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	    hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	    haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	    //printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+	    
+            task* new_task = (task*)malloc(sizeof(task));
+            new_task->function = handle_request;  // 假设任务函数为 toggle
+            new_task->taskid = hit;  // 任务参数，假设为 socket fd 或其他参数
+            new_task->sock=conn_sock;
+
+	    addTaskToThreadPool(pool, new_task); /* Insert conn_sock in task pool */
+    }
+    
+    // 等待线程池中的所有任务执行完毕
+    waitThreadPool(pool);
+
+    // 销毁线程池
+    destroyThreadPool(pool);
+
+    printf("stop main\n");
+
+    return 0;
+}

server-exp2/togglest_pre.c

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include "common.h"
+#include "taskline.h"
+
+#define NTHREADS  4
+#define SBUFSIZE   16
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit);
+void *handle_request(void *vargp);
+
+task_line_t tlp;                    /* task pool: shared buffer of connected descriptors */
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port,i; 
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr; 
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    int hit;
+    task_t item;               //连接客户信息：socket和客户编号
+    int nth[NTHREADS];
+    
+    socklen_t clientlen=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+
+    pthread_t tid; 
+
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+    task_line_init(&tlp, SBUFSIZE);
+    
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)  {     /* Create worker threads */
+            nth[i]=i;
+	    pthread_create(&tid, NULL, handle_request, (void *)&nth[i]);
+    }
+
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) { 
+	    item.conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *) &clientaddr, &clientlen);
+	    item.hit=hit;
+	    
+           /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	    hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	    haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	    printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+
+	    task_insert(&tlp, item);  /* Insert conn_sock in task pool */
+    }
+}
+
+void *handle_request(void *vargp) 
+{
+    int tid=*(int*) vargp;
+    task_t  item;
+    pthread_detach(pthread_self()); 
+    
+    while (1) { 
+	    item=task_remove(&tlp);   /* Remove a task from task line */
+	    
+	    printf("线程%d服务第%d个客户通信开始\n",tid,item.hit);
+	    
+	    toggle(item.conn_sock,item.hit);            /* Serve client */	   	    
+	    close(item.conn_sock);
+	    
+	    printf("线程%d服务第%d个客户通信结束\n",tid,item.hit);
+    }
+}
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit) 
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXLINE]; 
+
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0))> 0) {
+	printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+
+        for(i=0; i<n; i++)
+            if(isupper(buf[i])) 
+                buf[i]=tolower(buf[i]);
+            else if(islower(buf[i]))
+                buf[i]=toupper(buf[i]);
+               
+	send (conn_sock, buf, n, 0);
+    }
+}

server-exp2/urls

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+http://127.0.0.1:8088/index.html
+http://127.0.0.1:8088/test.html

server-exp2/webclient.c

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include <arpa/inet.h>   // 提供IP地址转换函数
+#include <netinet/in.h>  // 提供套接字地址结构定义
+#include <stdio.h>       // 标准输入输出
+#include <stdlib.h>      // 标准库函数，如exit()
+#include <string.h>      // 字符串操作函数
+#include <sys/socket.h>  // 套接字相关函数
+#include <sys/types.h>   // 数据类型定义
+#include <unistd.h>      // POSIX API，如read()和write()
+
+//#define PORT 8181                /* 目标服务器的端口号 */
+//#define IP_ADDRESS "192.168.0.8" /* 目标服务器的IP地址 */
+#define BUFSIZE 8196             /* 缓冲区大小 */
+
+char *command = "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 \r\n\r\n"; /* HTTP GET 请求命令 */
+
+// 错误处理函数，打印错误信息并退出程序
+void pexit(char *msg) {
+    perror(msg);  // 打印错误信息
+    exit(1);      // 退出程序
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {//客户端启动命令为"./client 127.0.0.1  8088",argv[1]是IP地址，argv[2]是端口号8088
+    int i, sockfd;                 // sockfd是套接字文件描述符
+    char buffer[BUFSIZE];          // 用于存储从服务器接收的数据
+    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;  // 定义服务器地址结构
+
+    // 打印尝试连接服务器的信息
+    printf("客户端尝试连接到 %s 和端口 %s\n", argv[1], argv[2]);
+
+    // 创建套接字，使用IPv4和TCP协议
+    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) pexit("socket() 创建失败");
+
+    // 配置服务器地址
+    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;                     // 地址族为IPv4
+    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);  // 设置服务器IP地址,如"127.0.0.1"
+    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));                   // 设置服务器端口号,如"8088"
+
+    // 尝试连接到服务器
+    if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
+        pexit("connect() 连接失败");
+
+    // 发送HTTP GET请求到服务器
+    printf("发送字节数=%ld %s\n", strlen(command), command);
+    if (write(sockfd, command, strlen(command)) < 0) pexit("write() 发送请求失败");
+
+    // 循环读取服务器返回的数据，并输出到标准输出
+    while ((i = read(sockfd, buffer, BUFSIZE)) > 0) {
+        if (write(1, buffer, i) < 0)  // 1表示标准输出
+            pexit("write() 输出到标准输出失败");
+    }
+
+    // 关闭套接字，释放资源
+    close(sockfd);
+    return 0;  // 程序正常退出
+}

server-exp2/weblet.c

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+void process_trans(int fd,int hit);
+void read_requesthdrs(rio_t *rp,int hit,int nrh);
+int is_static(char *uri);
+void parse_static_uri(char *uri, char *filename);
+void parse_dynamic_uri(char *uri, char *filename, char *cgiargs);
+void feed_static(int fd, char *filename, int filesize);
+void get_filetype(char *filename, char *filetype);
+void feed_dynamic(int fd, char *filename, char *cgiargs);
+void error_request(int fd, char *cause, char *errnum, 
+		 char *shortmsg, char *description);
+		 
+/* 支持的文件扩展名及其对应的MIME类型 */
+struct {
+    char *ext;       // 文件扩展名
+    char *filetype;  // MIME类型
+} extensions[] = {
+    {".gif", "image/gif"},
+    {".jpg", "image/jpg"},
+    {".jpeg", "image/jpeg"},
+    {".png", "image/png"},
+    {".ico", "image/ico"},
+    {".zip", "image/zip"},
+    {".gz", "image/gz"},
+    {".tar", "image/tar"},
+    {".htm", "text/html"},
+    {".html", "text/html"},
+    {0, 0}  // 结束标志
+};
+
+/* 调试模式宏定义 */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define printf2(format, var) printf(format,var)
+#define printf3(format,var1,var2) printf(format,var1,var2)
+#else
+#define printf2(format, var) 
+#define printf3(format,var1,var2)
+#endif
+
+/* 全局变量说明 */
+
+
+/* Ctrl+C信号处理函数 */
+void ctrlc_handler(int sig)
+{
+    printf("您按下了Ctrl+C终止了Web服务器\n");
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+/* 主函数：监听端口并处理客户端连接 */
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port;
+    int hit;  		// 请求计数器
+    socklen_t clientlen;
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
+
+    /* 检查命令行参数 */
+    if (argc != 2) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "用法: %s <端口号>\n", argv[0]);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {             //hit为第几次请求，或第几次http事务
+        clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
+        conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *)&clientaddr, &clientlen);
+        process_trans(conn_sock,hit);  // 处理HTTP事务
+        close(conn_sock);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+/* 处理HTTP事务的核心函数 */
+void process_trans(int fd,int hit) 
+{
+    int static_flag;      // 是否为静态资源标志
+    struct stat sbuf;     // 文件状态信息
+    char buf[MAXLINE], method[MAXLINE], uri[MAXLINE], version[MAXLINE];
+    char filename[MAXLINE], cgiargs[MAXLINE];
+    rio_t rio;
+    int rhn=0;     // 请求头计数器
+    
+    /* 设置Ctrl+C信号处理 */
+    if(signal(SIGINT,ctrlc_handler)==SIG_ERR) 
+        (void)printf("错误: 无法设置SIGINT信号处理\n");
+    
+    printf2("第%d次请求开始\n",hit);
+    
+    /* 读取请求行和请求头 */
+    rio_readinitb(&rio, fd);
+    rio_readlineb(&rio, buf, MAXLINE);
+    printf3("请求头%d:%s", ++rhn, buf);
+    
+    sscanf(buf, "%s %s %s", method, uri, version);
+    if (strcasecmp(method, "GET")) {  // 仅支持GET方法
+        error_request(fd, method, "501", "未实现", 
+                     "本服务器不支持该请求方法");
+        return;
+    }
+    read_requesthdrs(&rio,hit,rhn);  // 读取剩余请求头
+
+    static_flag = is_static(uri);  // 判断资源类型
+    if(static_flag)
+        parse_static_uri(uri, filename);  // 解析静态资源路径
+    else
+        parse_dynamic_uri(uri, filename, cgiargs);  // 解析动态资源路径和参数
+
+    /* 检查文件是否存在及权限 */
+    if (stat(filename, &sbuf) < 0) {
+        error_request(fd, filename, "404", "未找到", 
+                     "服务器无法找到该文件");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* 根据资源类型发送响应 */
+    if (static_flag) {  // 静态资源处理
+        if (!(S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) || !(S_IRUSR & sbuf.st_mode)) {
+            error_request(fd, filename, "403", "禁止访问", 
+                         "服务器无权读取该文件");
+            return;
+        }
+        feed_static(fd, filename, sbuf.st_size);  // 发送静态文件内容
+    }
+    else {  // 动态资源处理
+        if (!(S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) || !(S_IXUSR & sbuf.st_mode)) {
+            error_request(fd, filename, "403", "禁止访问", 
+                         "服务器无法执行该CGI程序");
+            return;
+        }
+        feed_dynamic(fd, filename, cgiargs);  // 执行CGI程序并发送输出
+    }
+}
+
+/* 判断URI是否对应静态资源 */
+int is_static(char *uri)
+{
+    return strstr(uri, "cgi-bin") == NULL;  // 不含cgi-bin则为静态资源
+}
+
+/* 构造HTTP错误响应 */
+void error_request(int fd, char *cause, char *errnum, 
+                 char *shortmsg, char *description) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE], body[MAXBUF];
+
+    /* 构建错误页面内容 */
+    sprintf(body, "<html><title>错误请求</title>");
+    sprintf(body, "%s<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\r\n", body);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<h1>%s %s</h1>\r\n", body, errnum, shortmsg);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<p>%s: %s</p>\r\n", body, description, cause);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<hr><em>weblet Web服务器</em>\r\n", body);
+
+    /* 发送HTTP响应头 */
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 %s %s\r\n", errnum, shortmsg);
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Content-length: %d\r\n\r\n", (int)strlen(body));
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    
+    /* 发送错误页面内容 */
+    rio_writen(fd, body, strlen(body));
+}
+
+/* 读取请求头直到空行 */
+void read_requesthdrs(rio_t *rp,int hit, int rhn) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_readlineb(rp, buf, MAXLINE);
+    while(strcmp(buf, "\r\n")) {
+        printf3("请求头%d:%s", ++rhn, buf);
+        rio_readlineb(rp, buf, MAXLINE);
+    }
+    printf2("第%d次请求结束\n\n",hit); 
+}
+
+/* 解析静态资源URI到文件路径 */
+void parse_static_uri(char *uri, char *filename) 
+{
+    strcpy(filename, ".");
+    strcat(filename, uri);
+    if (uri[strlen(uri)-1] == '/')
+        strcat(filename, "index.html");  // 默认返回index.html
+}
+
+/* 解析动态资源URI到文件路径和参数 */
+void parse_dynamic_uri(char *uri, char *filename, char *cgiargs)
+{
+    char *ptr = index(uri, '?');
+    if (ptr) {
+        strcpy(cgiargs, ptr+1);  // 提取参数部分请求头
+        *ptr = '\0';  // 截断URI
+    } else {
+        strcpy(cgiargs, "");
+    }
+    strcpy(filename, ".");
+    strcat(filename, uri);
+}
+
+/* 发送静态文件内容 */
+void feed_static(int fd, char *filename, int filesize) 
+{
+    int srcfd; 
+    char *srcp, filetype[MAXLINE], buf[MAXBUF];
+
+    /* 发送HTTP响应头 */
+    get_filetype(filename, filetype);
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
+    sprintf(buf, "%sServer: weblet Web Server\r\n", buf);
+    sprintf(buf, "%sContent-length: %d\r\n", buf, filesize);
+    sprintf(buf, "%sContent-type: %s\r\n\r\n", buf, filetype);
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+
+    /* 发送文件内容 */
+    srcfd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, 0);
+    srcp = mmap(0, filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, srcfd, 0);
+    close(srcfd);
+    rio_writen(fd, srcp, filesize);
+    munmap(srcp, filesize);
+}
+
+/* 根据文件扩展名获取MIME类型 */
+void get_filetype(char *filename, char *filetype) 
+{
+    int i, len;
+    strcpy(filetype, "text/html");  // 默认类型
+    for (i = 0; extensions[i].ext != 0; i++) {
+        len = strlen(extensions[i].ext);
+        if (!strcmp(&filename[strlen(filename)-len], extensions[i].ext)) {
+            strcpy(filetype, extensions[i].filetype);
+            break;
+        }
+    }    
+}
+
+/* 启动子进程执行CGI程序 */
+void feed_dynamic(int fd, char *filename, char *cgiargs) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE], *emptylist[] = { NULL };
+    int pfd[2];
+
+    /* 构造HTTP响应头 */
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Server: weblet Web Server\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    
+    /* 创建管道并启动子进程 */
+    (void)pipe(pfd);
+    if (fork() == 0) {  // 子进程
+        close(pfd[1]);  // 关闭写端
+        dup2(pfd[0], STDIN_FILENO);  // 重定向标准输入
+        dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);  // 重定向标准输出到客户端
+        execve(filename, emptylist, environ);  // 执行CGI程序
+    }
+
+    close(pfd[0]);  // 父进程关闭读端
+    (void)write(pfd[1], cgiargs, strlen(cgiargs)+1);  // 传递参数
+    wait(NULL);  // 等待子进程结束
+    close(pfd[1]);  // 关闭写端
+}

server-exp2/实验二文件清单.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+common.h   : 公共头文件、函数声明、常量定义等（由教材wrapper.h简化而来）
+common.c   : RIO函数库和打开网络连接函数源代码（教材中libwrapper.c简化而来）
+webclient.c: web客户端源代码(《操作系统实验教程》第1章的client.c)
+webserver.c: web服务器源代码(即教材《Linux编程》第8章的weblet.c)
+togglec.c  : toggle客户端源代码(教材第8章源代码）
+togglesi.c : 迭代式toggle服务器源代码（教材《Linux编程》第8章源代码）
+togglesp.c : 多进程toggle服务器源代码（教材《Linux编程》第9章源代码）
+togglest.c : 多线程toggle服务器源代码（教材《Linux编程》第9章源代码）
+togglest_pre.c : 预线程toggle服务器源代码（教材《Linux编程》第9章源代码）
+togglest_pool.c : 线程池toggle服务器源代码
+./cgi-bin/add.c: 生成动态网页的cgi程序（教材《Linux编程》第8章）
+Makefile: 目标和源代码间相互依赖关系文件（参考教材《Linux编程》第3章）
+index.html: 缺省网页文件
+example.jpg: 网页文件index.html中内嵌的图片
+favicon.ico: index.html中内嵌的图标
+test.html: 第2个测试用网页
+urls: 记录运行http_load执行时，访问哪些网址
+
+

web1/bb/hp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yeyettttttttttttttttttt

web1/bb/ooo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yuuuuutttt

web1/bb/perf.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+Flat profile:
+
+Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
+  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
+ time   seconds   seconds    calls  us/call  us/call  name    
+ 42.86      0.03     0.03    28890     1.04     2.08  process_trans
+ 28.57      0.05     0.02   115560     0.17     0.26  rio_readlineb
+ 14.29      0.06     0.01  2239020     0.00     0.00  rio_read
+ 14.29      0.07     0.01                             _init
+  0.00      0.07     0.00    57778     0.00     0.00  rio_writen
+  0.00      0.07     0.00    28890     0.00     0.78  read_requesthdrs
+  0.00      0.07     0.00    28890     0.00     0.00  rio_readinitb
+  0.00      0.07     0.00    28889     0.00     0.00  feed_static
+  0.00      0.07     0.00    28889     0.00     0.00  get_filetype
+  0.00      0.07     0.00    28889     0.00     0.00  is_static
+  0.00      0.07     0.00    28889     0.00     0.00  parse_static_uri
+  0.00      0.07     0.00        1     0.00     0.00  open_listen_sock
+
+ %         the percentage of the total running time of the
+time       program used by this function.
+
+cumulative a running sum of the number of seconds accounted
+ seconds   for by this function and those listed above it.
+
+ self      the number of seconds accounted for by this
+seconds    function alone.  This is the major sort for this
+           listing.
+
+calls      the number of times this function was invoked, if
+           this function is profiled, else blank.
+
+ self      the average number of milliseconds spent in this
+ms/call    function per call, if this function is profiled,
+	   else blank.
+
+ total     the average number of milliseconds spent in this
+ms/call    function and its descendents per call, if this
+	   function is profiled, else blank.
+
+name       the name of the function.  This is the minor sort
+           for this listing. The index shows the location of
+	   the function in the gprof listing. If the index is
+	   in parenthesis it shows where it would appear in
+	   the gprof listing if it were to be printed.
+
+Copyright (C) 2012-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved.
+
+		     Call graph (explanation follows)
+
+
+granularity: each sample hit covers 4 byte(s) for 14.29% of 0.07 seconds
+
+index % time    self  children    called     name
+                0.03    0.03   28890/28890       main [2]
+[1]     85.7    0.03    0.03   28890         process_trans [1]
+                0.00    0.02   28890/28890       read_requesthdrs [4]
+                0.01    0.00   28890/115560      rio_readlineb [3]
+                0.00    0.00   28890/28890       rio_readinitb [8]
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       is_static [11]
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       parse_static_uri [12]
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       feed_static [9]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                                                 <spontaneous>
+[2]     85.7    0.00    0.06                 main [2]
+                0.03    0.03   28890/28890       process_trans [1]
+                0.00    0.00       1/1           open_listen_sock [13]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.01    0.00   28890/115560      process_trans [1]
+                0.01    0.01   86670/115560      read_requesthdrs [4]
+[3]     42.9    0.02    0.01  115560         rio_readlineb [3]
+                0.01    0.00 2239020/2239020     rio_read [5]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.02   28890/28890       process_trans [1]
+[4]     32.1    0.00    0.02   28890         read_requesthdrs [4]
+                0.01    0.01   86670/115560      rio_readlineb [3]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.01    0.00 2239020/2239020     rio_readlineb [3]
+[5]     14.3    0.01    0.00 2239020         rio_read [5]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                                                 <spontaneous>
+[6]     14.3    0.01    0.00                 _init [6]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00   57778/57778       feed_static [9]
+[7]      0.0    0.00    0.00   57778         rio_writen [7]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00   28890/28890       process_trans [1]
+[8]      0.0    0.00    0.00   28890         rio_readinitb [8]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       process_trans [1]
+[9]      0.0    0.00    0.00   28889         feed_static [9]
+                0.00    0.00   57778/57778       rio_writen [7]
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       get_filetype [10]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       feed_static [9]
+[10]     0.0    0.00    0.00   28889         get_filetype [10]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       process_trans [1]
+[11]     0.0    0.00    0.00   28889         is_static [11]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00   28889/28889       process_trans [1]
+[12]     0.0    0.00    0.00   28889         parse_static_uri [12]
+-----------------------------------------------
+                0.00    0.00       1/1           main [2]
+[13]     0.0    0.00    0.00       1         open_listen_sock [13]
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+ This table describes the call tree of the program, and was sorted by
+ the total amount of time spent in each function and its children.
+
+ Each entry in this table consists of several lines.  The line with the
+ index number at the left hand margin lists the current function.
+ The lines above it list the functions that called this function,
+ and the lines below it list the functions this one called.
+ This line lists:
+     index	A unique number given to each element of the table.
+		Index numbers are sorted numerically.
+		The index number is printed next to every function name so
+		it is easier to look up where the function is in the table.
+
+     % time	This is the percentage of the `total' time that was spent
+		in this function and its children.  Note that due to
+		different viewpoints, functions excluded by options, etc,
+		these numbers will NOT add up to 100%.
+
+     self	This is the total amount of time spent in this function.
+
+     children	This is the total amount of time propagated into this
+		function by its children.
+
+     called	This is the number of times the function was called.
+		If the function called itself recursively, the number
+		only includes non-recursive calls, and is followed by
+		a `+' and the number of recursive calls.
+
+     name	The name of the current function.  The index number is
+		printed after it.  If the function is a member of a
+		cycle, the cycle number is printed between the
+		function's name and the index number.
+
+
+ For the function's parents, the fields have the following meanings:
+
+     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
+		from the function into this parent.
+
+     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from
+		the function's children into this parent.
+
+     called	This is the number of times this parent called the
+		function `/' the total number of times the function
+		was called.  Recursive calls to the function are not
+		included in the number after the `/'.
+
+     name	This is the name of the parent.  The parent's index
+		number is printed after it.  If the parent is a
+		member of a cycle, the cycle number is printed between
+		the name and the index number.
+
+ If the parents of the function cannot be determined, the word
+ `<spontaneous>' is printed in the `name' field, and all the other
+ fields are blank.
+
+ For the function's children, the fields have the following meanings:
+
+     self	This is the amount of time that was propagated directly
+		from the child into the function.
+
+     children	This is the amount of time that was propagated from the
+		child's children to the function.
+
+     called	This is the numbe./perf.txt

web1/cgi-bin/add.c

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#define MAXLINE 8192
+
+int main(void) {
+    char *buf, *p;
+    char content[MAXLINE];
+    int n1=0, n2=0;
+
+    /* Extract the two arguments from standard input */
+    scanf("%d&%d", &n1, &n2);
+    
+    /* Make the response body */
+    sprintf(content, "Welcome to add.com: ");
+    sprintf(content, "%sTHE Internet addition portal.\r\n<p>", content);
+    sprintf(content, "%sThe answer is: %d + %d = %d\r\n<p>", 
+	    content, n1, n2, n1 + n2);
+    sprintf(content, "%sThanks for visiting!\r\n", content);
+
+    /* Generate the HTTP response */
+    printf("Content-length: %d\r\n", (int) strlen(content));
+    printf("Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n");
+    printf("%s", content);
+    fflush(stdout);
+    exit(0);
+}

web1/common.c

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/* $begin common.c */
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+
+/*********************************************************************
+ * The Rio package - robust I/O functions
+ **********************************************************************/
+/*
+ * rio_readn - robustly read n bytes (unbuffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readn */
+ssize_t rio_readn(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nread;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nread = 0;      /* and call read() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;      /* errno set by read() */ 
+	} 
+	else if (nread == 0)
+	    break;              /* EOF */
+	nleft -= nread;
+	bufp += nread;
+    }
+    return (n - nleft);         /* return >= 0 */
+}
+/* $end rio_readn */
+
+/*
+ * rio_writen - robustly write n bytes (unbuffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_writen */
+ssize_t rio_writen(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nwritten;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) <= 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR)  /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nwritten = 0;    /* and call write() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;       /* errorno set by write() */
+	}
+	nleft -= nwritten;
+	bufp += nwritten;
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+/* $end rio_writen */
+
+
+/* 
+ * rio_read - This is a wrapper for the Unix read() function that
+ *    transfers min(n, rio_cnt) bytes from an internal buffer to a user
+ *    buffer, where n is the number of bytes requested by the user and
+ *    rio_cnt is the number of unread bytes in the internal buffer. On
+ *    entry, rio_read() refills the internal buffer via a call to
+ *    read() if the internal buffer is empty.
+ */
+/* $begin rio_read */
+static ssize_t rio_read(rio_t *rp, char *usrbuf, size_t n)
+{
+    int cnt;
+
+    while (rp->rio_cnt <= 0) {  /* refill if buf is empty */
+	rp->rio_cnt = read(rp->rio_fd, rp->rio_buf, 
+			   sizeof(rp->rio_buf));
+	if (rp->rio_cnt < 0) {
+	    if (errno != EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		return -1;
+	}
+	else if (rp->rio_cnt == 0)  /* EOF */
+	    return 0;
+	else 
+	    rp->rio_bufptr = rp->rio_buf; /* reset buffer ptr */
+    }
+
+    /* Copy min(n, rp->rio_cnt) bytes from internal buf to user buf */
+    cnt = n;          
+    if (rp->rio_cnt < n)   
+	cnt = rp->rio_cnt;
+    memcpy(usrbuf, rp->rio_bufptr, cnt);
+    rp->rio_bufptr += cnt;
+    rp->rio_cnt -= cnt;
+    return cnt;
+}
+/* $end rio_read */
+
+/*
+ * rio_readinitb - Associate a descriptor with a read buffer and reset buffer
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readinitb */
+void rio_readinitb(rio_t *rp, int fd) 
+{
+    rp->rio_fd = fd;  
+    rp->rio_cnt = 0;  
+    rp->rio_bufptr = rp->rio_buf;
+}
+/* $end rio_readinitb */
+
+/*
+ * rio_readnb - Robustly read n bytes (buffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readnb */
+ssize_t rio_readnb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t n) 
+{
+    size_t nleft = n;
+    ssize_t nread;
+    char *bufp = usrbuf;
+    
+    while (nleft > 0) {
+	if ((nread = rio_read(rp, bufp, nleft)) < 0) {
+	    if (errno == EINTR) /* interrupted by sig handler return */
+		nread = 0;      /* call read() again */
+	    else
+		return -1;      /* errno set by read() */ 
+	} 
+	else if (nread == 0)
+	    break;              /* EOF */
+	nleft -= nread;
+	bufp += nread;
+    }
+    return (n - nleft);         /* return >= 0 */
+}
+/* $end rio_readnb */
+
+/* 
+ * rio_readlineb - robustly read a text line (buffered)
+ */
+/* $begin rio_readlineb */
+ssize_t rio_readlineb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t maxlen) 
+{
+    int n, rc;
+    char c, *bufp = usrbuf;
+
+    for (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++) { 
+	if ((rc = rio_read(rp, &c, 1)) == 1) {
+	    *bufp++ = c;
+	    if (c == '\n')
+		break;
+	} else if (rc == 0) {
+	    if (n == 1)
+		return 0; /* EOF, no data read */
+	    else
+		break;    /* EOF, some data was read */
+	} else
+	    return -1;	  /* error */
+    }
+    *bufp = 0;
+    return n;
+}
+/* $end rio_readlineb */
+
+/**********************************
+ * Wrappers for robust I/O routines
+ **********************************/
+
+
+/******************************** 
+ * Client/server helper functions
+ ********************************/
+/*
+ * open_client_sock - open connection to server at <hostname, port> 
+ *   and return a socket descriptor ready for reading and writing.
+ *   Returns -1 and sets errno on Unix error. 
+ *   Returns -2 and sets h_errno on DNS (gethostbyname) error.
+ */
+/* $begin open_client_sock */
+int open_client_sock(char *hostname, int port) 
+{
+    int client_sock;
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
+
+    if ((client_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+	return -1; /* check errno for cause of error */
+
+    /* Fill in the server's IP address and port */
+    if ((hp = gethostbyname(hostname)) == NULL)
+	return -2; /* check h_errno for cause of error */
+    bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
+    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    bcopy((char *)hp->h_addr_list[0], 
+	  (char *)&serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr, hp->h_length);
+    serveraddr.sin_port = htons(port);
+
+    /* Establish a connection with the server */
+    if (connect(client_sock, (SA *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+    return client_sock;
+}
+/* $end open_client_sock */
+
+/*  
+ * open_listen_sock - open and return a listening socket on port
+ *     Returns -1 and sets errno on Unix error.
+ */
+/* $begin open_listen_sock */
+int open_listen_sock(int port) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, optval=1;
+    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr;
+  
+    /* Create a socket descriptor */
+    if ((listen_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+ 
+    /* Eliminates "Address already in use" error from bind. */
+    if (setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 
+		   (const void *)&optval , sizeof(int)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+
+    /* Listen_sock will be an endpoint for all requests to port
+       on any IP address for this host */
+    bzero((char *) &serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
+    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; 
+    serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); 
+    serveraddr.sin_port = htons((unsigned short)port); 
+    if (bind(listen_sock, (SA *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)) < 0)
+	return -1;
+
+    /* Make it a listening socket ready to accept connection requests */
+    if (listen(listen_sock, LISTENQ) < 0)
+	return -1;
+    return listen_sock;
+}
+/* $end open_listen_sock */
+
+
+/* $end wrapper.c */
+
+
+
+

web1/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/* $begin common.h */
+#ifndef __COMMON_H__
+#define __COMMON_H__
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h> 
+#include <sys/ipc.h> 
+#include <sys/msg.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <sys/sem.h>
+
+/* Default file permissions are DEF_MODE & ~DEF_UMASK */
+/* $begin createmasks */
+#define DEF_MODE   S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH
+#define DEF_UMASK  S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH
+/* $end createmasks */
+
+/* Simplifies calls to bind(), connect(), and accept() */
+/* $begin sockaddrdef */
+typedef struct sockaddr SA;
+/* $end sockaddrdef */
+
+/* Persistent state for the robust I/O (Rio) package */
+/* $begin rio_t */
+#define RIO_BUFSIZE 8192
+typedef struct {
+    int rio_fd;                /* descriptor for this internal buf */
+    int rio_cnt;               /* unread bytes in internal buf */
+    char *rio_bufptr;          /* next unread byte in internal buf */
+    char rio_buf[RIO_BUFSIZE]; /* internal buffer */
+} rio_t;
+/* $end rio_t */
+
+/* External variables */
+extern int h_errno;    /* defined by BIND for DNS errors */ 
+extern char **environ; /* defined by libc */
+
+/* Misc constants */
+#define	MAXLINE	 8192  /* max text line length */
+#define MAXBUF   8192  /* max I/O buffer size */
+#define LISTENQ  1024  /* second argument to listen() */
+
+/* Rio (Robust I/O) package */
+ssize_t rio_readn(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+ssize_t rio_writen(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+void rio_readinitb(rio_t *rp, int fd); 
+ssize_t	rio_readnb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t n);
+ssize_t	rio_readlineb(rio_t *rp, void *usrbuf, size_t maxlen);
+
+/* Client/server helper functions */
+int open_client_sock(char *hostname, int portno);
+int open_listen_sock(int portno);
+
+#endif /* __COMMON_H__ */
+/* $end common.h */

web1/data.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello world

web1/ftpc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+typedef struct ftp_file
+{
+    char cmd[MAXLINE];  // FTP命令
+    char filename[MAXLINE]; // 文件名参数
+    char fileSize[MAXLINE]; // 文件大小参数
+} ftp_file_t;
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int client_sock, port;
+    char *host, buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_t rio;
+
+    if (argc != 3) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <host><port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    host = argv[1];
+    port = atoi(argv[2]);
+
+    client_sock = open_client_sock(host, port);
+    if(client_sock==-1) {
+        fputs("Error to connect the Server\n",stdout);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+ 
+    while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
+        ftp_file_t file;
+        FILE *fp;
+        long fileSize;
+
+        char filePath[MAXLINE] = "./"; // 假设当前目录下有文件
+
+        char *token = strtok(buf, " \t\n");  // 提取FTP命令
+        if (strcmp(token, "get") == 0 || strcmp(token, "put") == 0) {
+            strncpy(file.cmd, token, MAXLINE - 1);
+            file.cmd[MAXLINE - 1] = '\0';
+        } else {
+            printf("Unsupported command: %s\n", token);
+            continue; // 如果不是get或put命令，跳过处理
+        }
+
+        token = strtok(NULL, " \t\n");  // 提取文件名参数
+        if (token != NULL) {
+            strncpy(file.filename, token, MAXLINE - 1);
+            file.filename[MAXLINE - 1] = '\0';
+        } else {
+            printf("Filename is required for command: %s\n", file.cmd);
+            continue; // 如果没有提供文件名参数，跳过处理
+        }
+
+       
+
+        if (strcmp(file.cmd,"put")==0)
+        {
+            strcat(filePath, file.filename); // 构建完整文件路径
+            fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file");
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+                fileSize = ftell(fp);
+                fclose(fp);
+                snprintf(file.fileSize, MAXLINE, "%ld", fileSize); // 将文件大小转换为字符串并存储
+            }
+
+            send(client_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0);
+            fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file for reading");
+            } else {
+                char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize);
+                fread(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 从文件中读取内容到缓冲区
+                send(client_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 发送文件内容
+                free(fileContent);
+                recv(client_sock, buf, MAXLINE, 0);
+                fputs(buf, stdout);
+                fclose(fp);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (strcmp(file.cmd,"get")==0)
+        {
+            send(client_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0);
+            recv(client_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0); // 接收文件信息
+            int fileSize = atoi(file.fileSize);
+            if (fileSize > 0) {
+                char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize); // 根据文件大小分配内存
+                recv(client_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 接收文件内容
+                FILE *fp = fopen(file.filename, "w");
+                if (fp != NULL) {
+                    fwrite(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 将接收到的内容写入文件
+                    fclose(fp);
+                } else {
+                    perror("Error creating file");
+                }
+                free(fileContent); // 释放内存
+            }
+            recv(client_sock, buf, MAXLINE, 0);
+            fputs(buf, stdout);
+        }
+        
+    }
+    close(client_sock);
+    exit(0);
+}

web1/ftps.c

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+typedef struct ftp_file
+{
+    char cmd[MAXLINE];  // FTP命令
+    char filename[MAXLINE]; // 文件名参数
+    char fileSize[MAXLINE]; // 文件大小参数
+} ftp_file_t;
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit)
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXBUF];
+    ftp_file_t file;
+    char filePath[MAXLINE] = "./"; // 假设当前目录下有文件
+
+    printf("第%d个客户通信开始\n",hit);
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t),0))> 0) {
+        printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+        if (strcmp(file.cmd,"put")==0)
+        {
+            int fileSize = atoi(file.fileSize);
+            char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize);
+            recv(conn_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 接收文件内容
+            FILE *fp = fopen(file.filename, "w");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file for writing");
+            } else {
+                fwrite(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 将接收到的内容写入文件
+                fclose(fp);
+            }
+            free(fileContent);
+            strcpy(buf, "File received successfully\n");
+            send (conn_sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
+        }
+        else if (strcmp(file.cmd,"get")==0)
+        {
+            strcat(filePath, file.filename); // 构建完整文件路径
+            FILE *fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+            if (fp == NULL) {
+                perror("Error opening file for reading");
+                strcpy(file.fileSize, "0");
+                send(conn_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0); // 发送错误信息
+            } else {
+                fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+                long fileSize = ftell(fp);
+                fclose(fp);
+                snprintf(file.fileSize, MAXLINE, "%ld", fileSize); // 将文件大小转换为字符串并存储
+                send(conn_sock, &file, sizeof(ftp_file_t), 0); // 发送文件信息
+                fp = fopen(filePath, "r");
+                if (fp != NULL) {
+                    char *fileContent = malloc(fileSize);
+                    fread(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp); // 从文件中读取内容到缓冲区
+                    fclose(fp);
+                    send(conn_sock, fileContent, fileSize, 0); // 发送文件内容
+                    free(fileContent);
+                    strcpy(buf, "File sent successfully\n");
+                    send (conn_sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+    printf("第%d个客户通信结束\n",hit);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port, clientlen;
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    int hit;
+	
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);    
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {
+	    clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
+	    conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *)&clientaddr, &clientlen);
+
+	    /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	    hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	    haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	    printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+
+	    toggle(conn_sock,hit);
+	    close(conn_sock);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}

web1/hp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yeyettttttttttttttttttt

web1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>
+		<title>the example web</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<H1>webserver test page</H1>
+		<p>
+			Not pretty but should prove that webserver works:-)
+		<p>
+		<IMG SRC="example.jpg">
+	</body>
+</html>

web1/ooo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yuuuuutttt

web1/test.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>a simple page for testing tiny</title>
+<head>
+<body>
+Hello World
+</body>
+</html>

web1/togglec.c

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int client_sock, port;
+    char *host, buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_t rio;
+
+    if (argc != 3) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <host><port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    host = argv[1];
+    port = atoi(argv[2]);
+
+    client_sock = open_client_sock(host, port);
+    if(client_sock==-1) {
+        fputs("Error to connect the Server\n",stdout);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+ 
+    while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
+	    send(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf),0);
+	    recv(client_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0);
+	    fputs(buf, stdout);
+    }
+    close(client_sock);
+    exit(0);
+}

web1/togglesi.c

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+void toggle(int conn_sock,int hit) 
+{
+    size_t n; int i,no=0;
+    char buf[MAXLINE]; 
+
+    printf("第%d个客户通信开始\n",hit);
+    while((n =recv(conn_sock, buf, MAXLINE,0))> 0) {
+	printf("toggle服务器收到第%d个客户第%d个消息,长度为%d字节\n", hit,++no,(int)n);
+
+        for(i=0; i<n; i++)
+            if(isupper(buf[i])) 
+                buf[i]=tolower(buf[i]);
+            else if(islower(buf[i]))
+                buf[i]=toupper(buf[i]);
+               
+	send (conn_sock, buf, n, 0);
+    }
+    printf("第%d个客户通信结束\n",hit);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port, clientlen;
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
+    struct hostent *hp;
+    char *haddrp;
+    int hit;
+	
+    if (argc != 2) {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
+	    exit(1);
+    }
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);    
+    if( listen_sock==-1) {
+    	printf("端口号%d繁忙\n",port);
+    	exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {
+	    clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
+	    conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *)&clientaddr, &clientlen);
+
+	    /* determine the domain name and IP address of the client */
+	    hp = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, 
+			   sizeof(clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr), AF_INET);
+	    haddrp = inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr);
+	    printf("server connected to %s (%s)\n", hp->h_name, haddrp);
+
+	    toggle(conn_sock,hit);
+	    close(conn_sock);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}

web1/urls

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+http://127.0.0.1:8088/index.html
+http://127.0.0.1:8088/test.html

web1/webclient.c

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include <arpa/inet.h>   // 提供IP地址转换函数
+#include <netinet/in.h>  // 提供套接字地址结构定义
+#include <stdio.h>       // 标准输入输出
+#include <stdlib.h>      // 标准库函数，如exit()
+#include <string.h>      // 字符串操作函数
+#include <sys/socket.h>  // 套接字相关函数
+#include <sys/types.h>   // 数据类型定义
+#include <unistd.h>      // POSIX API，如read()和write()
+
+//#define PORT 8181                /* 目标服务器的端口号 */
+//#define IP_ADDRESS "192.168.0.8" /* 目标服务器的IP地址 */
+#define BUFSIZE 8196             /* 缓冲区大小 */
+
+char *command = "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 \r\n\r\n"; /* HTTP GET 请求命令 */
+
+// 错误处理函数，打印错误信息并退出程序
+void pexit(char *msg) {
+    perror(msg);  // 打印错误信息
+    exit(1);      // 退出程序
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {//客户端启动命令为"./webclient 127.0.0.1  8088",argv[1]是IP地址，argv[2]是端口号8088
+    int i, sockfd;                 // sockfd是套接字文件描述符
+    char buffer[BUFSIZE];          // 用于存储从服务器接收的数据
+    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;  // 定义服务器地址结构
+
+    // 打印尝试连接服务器的信息
+    printf("客户端尝试连接到 %s 和端口 %s\n", argv[1], argv[2]);
+
+    // 创建套接字，使用IPv4和TCP协议
+    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) pexit("socket() 创建失败");
+
+    // 配置服务器地址
+    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;                  // 地址族为IPv4
+    serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);  // 设置服务器IP地址,如"127.0.0.1"
+    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));       // 设置服务器端口号,如"8088"
+
+    // 尝试连接到服务器
+    if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
+        pexit("connect() 连接失败");
+
+    // 发送HTTP GET请求到服务器
+    printf("发送字节数=%ld %s\n", strlen(command), command);
+    if (write(sockfd, command, strlen(command)) < 0) pexit("write() 发送请求失败");
+
+    // 循环读取服务器返回的数据，并输出到标准输出
+    while ((i = read(sockfd, buffer, BUFSIZE)) > 0) {
+        if (write(1, buffer, i) < 0)  // 1表示标准输出
+            pexit("write() 输出到标准输出失败");
+    }
+
+    // 关闭套接字，释放资源
+    close(sockfd);
+    return 0;  // 程序正常退出
+}

web1/weblet.c

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+void process_trans(int fd,int hit);
+void read_requesthdrs(rio_t *rp,int hit,int nrh);
+int is_static(char *uri);
+void parse_static_uri(char *uri, char *filename);
+void parse_dynamic_uri(char *uri, char *filename, char *cgiargs);
+void feed_static(int fd, char *filename, int filesize);
+void get_filetype(char *filename, char *filetype);
+void feed_dynamic(int fd, char *filename, char *cgiargs);
+void error_request(int fd, char *cause, char *errnum, 
+		 char *shortmsg, char *description);
+		 
+/* 支持的文件扩展名及其对应的MIME类型 */
+struct {
+    char *ext;       // 文件扩展名
+    char *filetype;  // MIME类型
+} extensions[] = {
+    {".gif", "image/gif"},
+    {".jpg", "image/jpg"},
+    {".jpeg", "image/jpeg"},
+    {".png", "image/png"},
+    {".ico", "image/ico"},
+    {".zip", "image/zip"},
+    {".gz", "image/gz"},
+    {".tar", "image/tar"},
+    {".htm", "text/html"},
+    {".html", "text/html"},
+    {0, 0}  // 结束标志
+};
+
+/* 调试模式宏定义 */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define printf2(format, var) printf(format,var)
+#define printf3(format,var1,var2) printf(format,var1,var2)
+#else
+#define printf2(format, var) 
+#define printf3(format,var1,var2)
+#endif
+
+/* 全局变量说明 */
+
+
+/* Ctrl+C信号处理函数 */
+void ctrlc_handler(int sig)
+{
+    printf("您按下了Ctrl+C终止了Web服务器\n");
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+/* 主函数：监听端口并处理客户端连接 */
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+    int listen_sock, conn_sock, port;
+    int hit;  		// 请求计数器
+    socklen_t clientlen;
+    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
+
+    /* 检查命令行参数 */
+    if (argc != 2) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "用法: %s <端口号>\n", argv[0]);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* 设置Ctrl+C信号处理 */
+    if(signal(SIGINT,ctrlc_handler)==SIG_ERR) 
+        (void)printf("错误: 无法设置SIGINT信号处理\n");
+        
+    port = atoi(argv[1]);
+
+    listen_sock = open_listen_sock(port);    
+    for (hit=1; ; hit++) {             //hit为第几次请求，或第几次http事务
+        clientlen = sizeof(clientaddr);
+        conn_sock = accept(listen_sock, (SA *)&clientaddr, &clientlen);
+        process_trans(conn_sock,hit);  // 处理HTTP事务
+        close(conn_sock);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+/* 处理HTTP事务的核心函数 */
+void process_trans(int fd,int hit) 
+{
+    int static_flag;      // 是否为静态资源标志
+    struct stat sbuf;     // 文件状态信息
+    char buf[MAXLINE], method[MAXLINE]="", uri[MAXLINE]="", version[MAXLINE]="http/1.1";
+    char filename[MAXLINE], cgiargs[MAXLINE];
+    
+    rio_t rio;
+    int rhn=0;     // 请求头计数器
+    
+    printf2("第%d次请求开始\n",hit);
+    
+    /* 读取请求行和请求头 */
+    rio_readinitb(&rio, fd);
+    rio_readlineb(&rio, buf, MAXLINE);
+    printf3("请求头%d:%s", ++rhn, buf);
+    
+    //判断第一个请求行是否正好有三个单词构成，如GET  /  http/1.1
+    /*int wn=0; char *p=buf;    
+    while(*p==' ' || *p=='\t') p++;
+    while(*p) {
+       if((*p==' '||*p=='\t') && *(p+1)!=' ') wn++;
+       p++;
+    }
+    
+    if (wn==2) */
+       sscanf(buf, "%s %s %s", method, uri, version);
+
+    if (strcasecmp(method, "GET")) {  // 仅支持GET方法
+        error_request(fd, method, "501", "未实现", 
+                     "本服务器不支持该请求方法");
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    read_requesthdrs(&rio,hit,rhn);  // 读取剩余请求头
+
+    static_flag = is_static(uri);  // 判断资源类型
+    if(static_flag)
+        parse_static_uri(uri, filename);  // 解析静态资源路径
+    else
+        parse_dynamic_uri(uri, filename, cgiargs);  // 解析动态资源路径和参数
+
+    /* 检查文件是否存在及权限 */
+    if (stat(filename, &sbuf) < 0) {
+        error_request(fd, filename, "404", "未找到", 
+                     "服务器无法找到该文件");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* 根据资源类型发送响应 */
+    if (static_flag) {  // 静态资源处理
+        if (!(S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) || !(S_IRUSR & sbuf.st_mode)) {
+            error_request(fd, filename, "403", "禁止访问", 
+                         "服务器无权读取该文件");
+            return;
+        }
+        feed_static(fd, filename, sbuf.st_size);  // 发送静态文件内容
+    }
+    else {  // 动态资源处理
+        if (!(S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) || !(S_IXUSR & sbuf.st_mode)) {
+            error_request(fd, filename, "403", "禁止访问", 
+                         "服务器无法执行该CGI程序");
+            return;
+        }
+        feed_dynamic(fd, filename, cgiargs);  // 执行CGI程序并发送输出
+    }
+}
+
+/* 判断URI是否对应静态资源 */
+int is_static(char *uri)
+{
+    return strstr(uri, "cgi-bin") == NULL;  // 不含cgi-bin则为静态资源
+}
+
+/* 构造HTTP错误响应 */
+void error_request(int fd, char *cause, char *errnum, 
+                 char *shortmsg, char *description) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE], body[MAXBUF];
+
+    /* 构建错误页面内容 */
+    sprintf(body, "<html><title>错误请求</title>");
+    sprintf(body, "%s<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\r\n", body);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<h1>%s %s</h1>\r\n", body, errnum, shortmsg);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<p>%s: %s</p>\r\n", body, description, cause);
+    sprintf(body, "%s<hr><em>weblet Web服务器</em>\r\n", body);
+
+    /* 发送HTTP响应头 */
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 %s %s\r\n", errnum, shortmsg);
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Content-length: %d\r\n\r\n", (int)strlen(body));
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    
+    /* 发送错误页面内容 */
+    rio_writen(fd, body, strlen(body));
+}
+
+/* 读取请求头直到空行 */
+void read_requesthdrs(rio_t *rp,int hit, int rhn) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE];
+    rio_readlineb(rp, buf, MAXLINE);
+    while(strcmp(buf, "\r\n")) {
+        printf3("请求头%d:%s", ++rhn, buf);
+        rio_readlineb(rp, buf, MAXLINE);
+    }
+    printf2("第%d次请求结束\n\n",hit); 
+}
+
+/* 解析静态资源URI到文件路径 */
+void parse_static_uri(char *uri, char *filename) 
+{
+    strcpy(filename, ".");
+    strcat(filename, uri);
+    if (uri[strlen(uri)-1] == '/')
+        strcat(filename, "index.html");  // 默认返回index.html
+}
+
+/* 解析动态资源URI到文件路径和参数 */
+void parse_dynamic_uri(char *uri, char *filename, char *cgiargs)
+{
+    char *ptr = index(uri, '?');
+    if (ptr) {
+        strcpy(cgiargs, ptr+1);  // 提取参数部分
+        *ptr = '\0';  // 截断URI
+    } else {
+        strcpy(cgiargs, "");
+    }
+    strcpy(filename, ".");
+    strcat(filename, uri);
+}
+
+/* 发送静态文件内容 */
+void feed_static(int fd, char *filename, int filesize) 
+{
+    int srcfd; 
+    char *srcp, filetype[MAXLINE], buf[MAXBUF];
+
+    /* 发送HTTP响应头 */
+    get_filetype(filename, filetype);
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
+    sprintf(buf, "%sServer: weblet Web Server\r\n", buf);
+    sprintf(buf, "%sContent-length: %d\r\n", buf, filesize);
+    sprintf(buf, "%sContent-type: %s\r\n\r\n", buf, filetype);
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+
+    /* 发送文件内容 */
+    srcfd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, 0);
+    srcp = mmap(0, filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, srcfd, 0);
+    close(srcfd);
+    rio_writen(fd, srcp, filesize);
+    munmap(srcp, filesize);
+}
+
+/* 根据文件扩展名获取MIME类型 */
+void get_filetype(char *filename, char *filetype) 
+{
+    int i, len;
+    strcpy(filetype, "text/html");  // 默认类型
+    for (i = 0; extensions[i].ext != 0; i++) {
+        len = strlen(extensions[i].ext);
+        if (!strcmp(&filename[strlen(filename)-len], extensions[i].ext)) {
+            strcpy(filetype, extensions[i].filetype);
+            break;
+        }
+    }    
+}
+
+/* 启动子进程执行CGI程序 */
+void feed_dynamic(int fd, char *filename, char *cgiargs) 
+{
+    char buf[MAXLINE], *emptylist[] = { NULL };
+    int pfd[2];
+
+    /* 构造HTTP响应头 */
+    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    sprintf(buf, "Server: weblet Web Server\r\n");
+    rio_writen(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+    
+    /* 创建管道并启动子进程 */
+    (void)pipe(pfd);
+    if (fork() == 0) {  // 子进程
+        close(pfd[1]);  // 关闭写端
+        dup2(pfd[0], STDIN_FILENO);  // 重定向标准输入
+        dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);  // 重定向标准输出到客户端
+        execve(filename, emptylist, environ);  // 执行CGI程序
+    }
+
+    close(pfd[0]);  // 父进程关闭读端
+    (void)write(pfd[1], cgiargs, strlen(cgiargs)+1);  // 传递参数
+    wait(NULL);  // 等待子进程结束
+    close(pfd[1]);  // 关闭写端
+}

web1/实验一文件清单.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+common.h   : 公共头文件、函数声明、常量定义等（由教材wrapper.h简化而来）
+common.c   : RIO函数库和打开网络连接函数源代码（教材中libwrapper.c简化而来）
+webclient.c: web客户端源代码(《操作系统实验教程》第1章的client.c)
+webserver.c: web服务器源代码(即教材《Linux编程》第8章的weblet.c)
+togglec.c  : toggle客户端源代码(教材第8章源代码）
+togglesi.c : 迭代式toggle服务器源代码（教材《Linux编程》第8章源代码）
+./cgi-bin/add.c: 生成动态网页的cgi程序（教材《Linux编程》第8章）
+Makefile: 目标和源代码间相互依赖关系文件（参考教材《Linux编程》第3章）
+index.html: 缺省网页文件
+example.jpg: 网页文件index.html中内嵌的图片
+favicon.ico: index.html中内嵌的图标
+test.html: 第2个测试用网页
+urls: 记录运行http_load执行时，访问哪些网址
+gmon.out: grof命令生成的性能数据文件